南极中山站越冬科考队员的伤病分析

Analysis of injuries and diseases of the wintering expedition members at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica

目的调查分析南极考察站越冬科考队员的伤病特点,提出针对性防治建议,为提高极地考察站医疗保障水平提供策略。方法选取中国第37次南极考察中山站19名越冬队员为研究对象,统计其在站期间发生的各种伤病,按就诊次数、病种及所属科室计算疾病构成比,分析常见伤病可能的诱发因素。结果第37次南极考察中山站19名队员越冬期间均出现伤病就诊;诊疗伤病91人次(不含复诊),前10种伤病依次为:急性软组织损伤(18.7%)、消化不良(12.1%)、皮炎(11.0%)、眼结膜炎(5.5%)、咳嗽(5.5%)、咽喉炎(4.4%)、嘴唇疱疹(4.4%)、失眠(4.4%)、慢性软组织损伤(4.4%)、口腔溃疡(2.2%);伤病所属科室前10依次为:创伤与骨科(23.1%)、皮肤科(14.3%)、消化科(13.2%)、耳鼻喉科(7.7%)、呼吸科(7.7%)、口腔科(6.6%)、眼科(6.6%)、普外科(5.5%)、精神科(4.4%)、泌尿外科(3.3%)。结论建议严格执行操作规范、重视野外个人防护、加强后勤补给、提高蔬菜产量、调整饮食结构、增加室内空气湿度、适度身体锻炼、避免强烈对抗类运动、丰富业余生活、规律作息、控烟限酒等,以降低南极考察站越冬期间科考队员的伤病发生率。

Objective To investigate and analyze the characteristics of injuries and diseases of the wintering expedition members at an Antarctic research station,and put forward targeted prevention and treatment suggestions,so as to provide strategies for improving the medical care level in the polar expedition station.Methods A total of 19 wintering expedition members of China's 37th Antarctic Expedition team at Zhongshan Station were selected as the research subjects.The injuries and diseases that occurred during their stay at the station were recorded,and the disease composition ratio was calculated based on the number of visits,disease types,and the corresponding departments.The possible predisposing factors of common injuries and diseases were analyzed.Results During the 37th Antarctic expedition,all 19 members in Zhongshan Station were recorded with injuries and diseases;the medical visit was 91 persons/times(not including return visit)in total.The top 10 injuries and diseases were:acute soft tissue injury(18.7%),indigestion(12.1%),dermatitis(11.0%),conjunctivitis(5.5%),cough(5.5%),pharyngitis(4.4%),lip herpes(4.4%),insomnia(4.4%),chronic soft tissue injury(4.4%),and oral ulcer(2.2%).The top 10 departments of injuries and diseases were:trauma and orthopedics(23.1%),dermatology(14.3%),gastroenterology(13.2%),otolaryngology(7.7%),respiratory medicine(7.7%),stomatology(7.7%),ophthalmology(6.6%),general surgery(5.5%),psychiatry(4.4%),and urology(3.3%).Conclusion The measures suggested include strictly following the standard operation procedures,paying attention to personal protection in the field,strengthening logistics supplies,increasing vegetable production,adjusting diet structure,increasing indoor air humidity,exercising moderately,avoiding aggressive confrontational sports,enriching leisure activities,maintaining a regular schedule,and limiting smoking and alcohol consumption,thus reducing the incidence of injuries and diseases among Antarctic expedition team members during wintering days.