中国乳及乳制品类预包装食品营养强化现状研究

Research on the situation of nutrient fortification of pre-packaged milk and dairy products in China

目的:了解中国市售乳及乳制品类别的营养强化现状,为中国食品营养强化相关标准的修订提供参考。方法:采用横断面调查方法,从市售乳及乳制品类别产品中,随机采集市售预包装食品标签样品3034份,分析每类乳品中强化的营养素种类及其强化比例,并对尚未规定强化量下限的营养素的强化量进行分析。结果:3034份乳及乳制品样品中共有777份样品进行了营养强化,总体强化率为25.61%(777/3034),不同亚类差异较大,其中调制乳和调制乳粉的强化比例较高,分别为50.77%(199/392)、95.37%(412/432),而干酪和再制干酪以及其他乳制品的强化比例较低,分别为27.17%(75/276)、0%(0/37)。强化的营养素种类方面,VA、VD、钙、锌等中国居民比较缺乏的营养素在各类乳品中的强化比例相对较高,而Yβ-Glu、LF、OPO的强化比例则较低。针对GB 14880中没有规定强化量下限的营养强化剂,大多数产品按接近下限的强化量进行强化,对食用者营养素摄入产生的作用将很小。结论:中国市售乳及乳制品总体营养强化情况较好,对于部分亚类允许强化的营养素种类较少的情况,建议标准修订过程中适当增加可强化的营养素种类,对于现行GB14880中存在部分营养强化剂未规定下限的情况,建议今后标准修订过程中确定合适的下限,以切实提高产品品质,保证营养健康。

Objective:To investigate the status of nutrient fortification of pre-packaged milk and dairy products,and to provide reference for the revision of relevant food fortified standard in China.Method:A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect 3034 samples of pre-packaged food from commercially available dairy and dairy products.The category of fortifier in each type of dairy product and their fortification ratio were analyzed,and the amount of fortifier for which has no lower limit had been specified was analyzed.Result:A total of 777 of 3034 samples of milk and dairy products were fortified,and the overall fortification rate was 25.61%(777/3034).The fortification status of different sub categories was different,among which the proportion of prepared milk and prepared milk powder were higher,50.77%(199/392)and 95.37%(412/432)respectively,while the proportion of cheese,processed cheese and other dairy products were lower,27.17%(75/276)and 0%(0/37)respectively.In terms of fortified nutrients which Chinese residents are lack apparently,such as VA,VD,calcium,and zinc,the fortification ratio was relatively high.The fortification ratio of Y β-Glu,LF,and OPO in various foods was relatively low.For some nutritional fortifiers which has no lower limit specified in GB 14880,most products were fortified with the level close to the lower limit,which will have little contribution to the nutrient intake of consumers.Conclusion:The overall nutrient fortification status of milk and dairy products was commendably in China.For some subcategories which have few types of nutrients allowed to be fortified,it is recommended to appropriately expand the allowed fortified nutrients during the revision process.For some nutrients with no lower limit specified,it is recommended to formula an appropriate lower limit during future standard revision that to improve product quality effectively and ensure nutritional health.