贵州喀斯特山区5个甜高粱品种青贮发酵效果评价

Evaluation on silage fermentation effect of five sweet sorghum varieties in Guizhou Karst mountainous areas

试验旨在筛选贵州喀斯特山区优质甜高粱青贮品种。以当地主推甜高粱品种(DLS)为对照,选取4个甜高粱品种(LJR、GS4、GS6、WC8)制作青贮,测定发酵60 d的青贮效果及开窖6 d后的有氧腐败抑制效果。结果显示,发酵60 d后,LJR和DLS具明显芳香果味,青贮质量等级优。LJR的乳酸含量显著高于GS4和GS6(P<0.05),乙酸含量最高(1.40%)且显著高于DLS、GS4和GS6(P<0.05),粗蛋白质(CP)含量达8.18%,氨态氮含量较低,青贮发酵品质和营养品质较好。开窖6 d后,LJR和WC8的pH值增加相对缓慢,CP含量较高,可溶性糖(WSC)的营养损失幅度较低,酵母菌和霉菌数量显著低于DLS、GS4和GS6(P<0.05),有氧腐败抑制效果较好。根据隶属函数法综合评价,各品种排序为LJR(0.63)>DLS(0.61)>WC8(0.52)>GS4(0.40)>GS6(0.36)。研究表明,LJR的青贮品质与DLS相当,有氧腐败抑制效果表现较优,在贵州喀斯特山区青贮利用中具有推广潜质。

The experiment was to screen high quality sweet sorghum varieties for silage modulation in Guizhou Karst mountainous areas.Four sweet sorghum varieties(LJR,GS4,GS6,WC8)were selected to produce silage with local main sweet sorghum varieties(DLS)as control,measured the silage effect after 60 d of fermentation and the aerobic spoilage inhibition effect after 6 d of opening cellar.The results showed that after fermentation for 60 d,LJR and DLS had obvious aromatic fruit taste and excellent silage quality grade.The lactic acid content of LJR was significantly higher than that of GS4 and GS6(P<0.05),the acetic acid content was the highest(1.40%),and significantly higher than that of DLS,GS4 and GS6(P<0.05),the CP content was up to 8.18%,the ammonia nitrogen content was lower,and the fermentation quality and nutritional quality of silage were better.After 6 d of opening,pH value of LJR and WC8 increased relatively slowly,CP content was higher,the range of nutrient loss of WSC was lower,the number of yeast and mold was significantly lower than that of DLS,GS4 and GS6(P<0.05),and the aerobic spoilage inhibition effect was better.According to comprehensive evaluation by membership function method,the varieties were ranked as LJR(0.63)>DLS(0.61)>WC8(0.52)>GS4(0.40)>GS6(0.36).The study indicates that silage quality of LJR is comparable to DLS,and the aerobic decay inhibition effect is the best.LJR has potential to be popularized in silage utilization in Guizhou Karst mountainous areas.