中美气候合作:历史回顾与机遇挑战

China-US Climate Cooperation:Historical Review and Opportunities and Challenges

中美作为世界上两个最大的经济体和温室气体排放国,在气候变化问题上的合作与行动至关重要。过去几十年来,中美两国曾经历了在气候问题合作初期的探索、在温室气体减排中的合作与矛盾,以及美国退出《巴黎协定》引发的后续影响。从克林顿政府至特朗普政府,美国气候政策经历了“两起两落”:奥巴马时期美国引领了全球气候治理进程,其在国内国际两方面开展的气候治理行动,推动中美气候合作进入黄金时期,使以《巴黎协定》为核心的全球应对气候变化进程进入高速发展期;特朗普政府奉行“美国优先主义”,其基于对全球气候变暖的怀疑而采取的气候政策使美国气候治理出现全面倒退。拜登意图重塑美国的全球气候治理领导力,对中国的态度呈现合作意图和竞争打压的两面性。中美气候变化合作的良性发展对于《巴黎协定》落实、中美互信和产业链合作都产生了积极作用。

As the two largest economies and greenhouse gas emitters in the world,China and the United States'cooperation and action on climate change issues are crucial.Over the past few decades,China and the United States have experienced exploration in the early stages of climate cooperation,cooperation and conflicts in greenhouse gas reduction,and the subsequent impact of the United States'withdrawal from the Paris Agreement.From the Clinton administration to the Trump administration,US climate policy has gone through two ups and downs.During the Obama era,the United States led the global climate governance process,jointly carrying out climate governance actions domestically and internationally,generating a golden age of climate cooperation between China and the United States,and bringing about a period of rapid development in the global climate change response process centered around the Paris Agreement.The Trump administration adheres to“American prioritization”,and based on doubts about global climate change,its climate policy has led to a comprehensive setback in US climate governance.Biden intends to reshape the United States'global climate leadership,presenting a dual nature of cooperative intent and competitive suppression towards China.The positive development of climate change cooperation between China and the United States has made positive contributions to the implementation of the Paris Agreement,mutual trust between China and the United States,and industrial chain cooperation.