以文学振家声,以武功戡国难——项忠生平考论

Rejuvenating the Family by Administrative Skills and Saving the Country from Rebellions by Military Wisdom——On Xiang Zhong's Life

项忠是明代江南望族嘉兴项氏崛起的关键人物,历仕四朝,官至尚书:弱冠登科,从驾土木;治理地方,勤于政事;两任总督,功勋卓著。项忠不但“以文学振家声”——明代嘉兴项氏第一个进士、土木堡之变后的南归文臣、对抗宦官专权的九卿之首,还“以武功戡国难”——从征泷水瑶民、平定满俊叛乱、安抚荆襄流民,文治武功卓越,堪称明代中期文官领袖、儒将楷模。

Xiang Zhong was a key figure in the rise of the Xiang clan in Jiaxing,a prominent family in the south of the Yangtze River in the Ming Dynasty.He assisted four generations of emperors and was appointed as a high offi⁃cial,shangshu.Becoming an official through the imperial examinations at a young age,Xiang Zhong accompanied Em⁃peror Yingzong to fight at the Tumu Fortress.Being a local government official,he was diligent in political affairs.He was appointed as a governor-general twice and achieved outstanding feats.As the first jinshi of the Xiang clan in Jiaxing in the Ming Dynasty,a civil servant who managed to return to the south after the Crisis of the Tumu Fortress and the head of the jiuqing who fought against eunuchs’dictatorship,Xiang Zhong rejuvenated the family by administrative skills.What's more,he assisted the military force to deal with the Yao rebellion in Longshui,controlled the Manjun re⁃bellion,and pacified refugees in Hubei,saving the country from rebellions by military wisdom.With outstanding a⁃chievements in civilian government and military affairs,Xiang Zhong could be regarded as the leader of civil officials and a model of Confucian generals in the mid-Ming Dynasty.