嘉兴话声调实验分析及与前人记录的比较

An Experimental Analysis of Tones in the Jiaxing Dialect and a Comparison with Previous Records

通过实验分析,确定嘉兴话的声调有7个。相比中古平上去入四个声调,嘉兴话在四声的基础上各分阴阳,但次清阴上、阳上、阳去出现合并现象。通过与前人记录比较,发现嘉兴话声调自20世纪20年代以来一直在发生变化,调类由9个变为8个,再变为现在的7个,部分调类的调值也在发生变化。

Through experimental analysis,it can be determined that the Jiaxing dialect has 7 tones.Compared with the four tones of Middle Chinese which are level,rising,departing,and entering,the tones in the Jiaxing dialect are further divided into yin and yang based on each of the four tones.However,the rising tone with voiceless aspirated initials,the rising tone with voiced initials,and the departing tone with voiced initials merged.By comparing with pre⁃vious records,it is found that the tones in the Jiaxing dialect have always been changing since the 1920s.The tone classes have changed from 9 to 8 and then to 7 now,and the pitch patterns of some classes are also changing.