《国语》之工匠文化研究

Study on the Craftsman Culture in Guoyu

《国语》为了解先秦工匠文化问题提供了丰富资料。《国语》中的“工”具有职官统称、工官、手工业者、乐师等丰富意涵,揭示了当时工匠之亦工亦官的身份属性。而“工”之职官展示的工官种类的多样化面向,说明当时可能已有了一套比较完善的工官管理系统。《国语》中亦展现了工匠身份的两种类别、匠技的世传属性、匠作的生态属性等微观的工匠生活。在此基础上,《国语》还呈现了工匠文化与礼文化之间的互动关系:礼文化如同一个隐形指挥棒,驱动或者规约匠作活动,反过来匠作也在一定程度上显现并影响礼文化。

Guoyu provides rich information for understanding the cultural issues of artisans in the Pre-Qin period.The term'Gong'in'Guoyu'has rich connotations such as a general term for official positions,a craftsman,and a musician,revealing the identity and attributes of craftsmen at that time as both workers and officials.The diversity of the types of civil servants displayed by the“Gong”officials indicates that there may have been a relatively complete civil servant management system at that time.The Guoyu also showcases the two categories of craftsmanship,the hereditary attributes of craftsmanship,and the ecological attributes of craftsmanship in the micro level of craftsmanship life.On this basis,the Guoyu also presents a close interactive relationship between craftsmanship culture and ritual culture:ritual culture is like an invisible baton,driving or regulating craftsmanship activities,and in turn,craftsmanship also manifests and influences ritual culture to a certain extent.