肠道菌群与妊娠并发症相关性的研究进展

Progress on the Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Pregnancy Complications

肠道菌群在维持宿主正常生理功能中发挥重要作用。由于孕妇在循环、内分泌、免疫状态和饮食结构等方面的特殊性,其肠道菌群的组成和数量也会发生相应改变。研究发现,孕妇肠道菌群的组成与妊娠并发症的发生密切相关,如妊娠期糖尿病、子痫前期和早产等。孕妇肠道菌群失衡及其代谢产物可损害肠道屏障、加剧肠道局部和全身性的炎症反应,进而导致胰岛素抵抗、高血糖和高血压等症状,从而增加妊娠并发症的发生风险。此外,通过补充益生菌或益生元等方法调节肠道菌群,进而改善机体免疫和代谢状态的治疗策略已取得初步成果,为临床妊娠并发症的预防和辅助治疗提供了可行方法。

The gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining the normal physiological function of the host.Due to the particularity of pregnant women in circulation,endocrine,immune status and dietary structure,the composition and quantity of gut microbiota will also change accordingly to adapt to the physiology of pregnancy.Studies have found that the composition of the gut microbiota in pregnant women had a causal relationship with the occurrence of pregnancy complications,such as gestational diabetes mellitus,pre-eclampsia and premature.Specifically,the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and the metabolites can damage intestinal barrier,aggravate local and systemic inflammation,then lead to insulin resistance,hyperglycemia,hypertension and other symptoms,and finally increase the risk of pregnancy complications.In addition,the gut microbiota-targeted strategies,such as probiotic supplementation and prebiotics intake,had therapeutic effects in improving the immune and metabolic status of the host,which may provide a feasible method for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of pregnancy complications.