基于州(市)视角云南省农业农药和化肥减量的效果评价

Evaluation of Reduction Effect of Agricultural Pesticide and Fertilizer in Yunnan Province from Perspective of Prefectures and Cities

以云南省16个州(市)为研究单元,对2015—2020年全省及各州(市)的农药、化肥的施用情况、减量幅度、施用强度,以及施用效益的动态变化进行横向比较。结果表明:云南省及其16个州(市)的农药、化肥施用量均呈现下降趋势,大理、曲靖农药和化肥的减量幅度较为显著;农药、化肥施用强度整体呈不断减弱趋势,但昆明、楚雄、丽江、红河、西双版纳等州(市)的农药、化肥施用强度均相对较高,曲靖、昭通、迪庆、文山、德宏和怒江的则相对较低;农药和化肥施用的经济效益均呈现增长的趋势,但农药施用的经济效益明显高于化肥,并且各州(市)的农药、化肥施用效益也存在差异性显著。

The 16 prefectures and cities in Yunnan Province were taken as the research unit,and the dynamic change and horizontal comparison of pesticide and fertilizer application,reduction analysis,application intensity and application benefit of the province and prefectures and cities from 2015 to 2020 were conducted.The results showed that the application of pesticide and fertilizer in Yunnan Province and 16 prefectures and cities maintained a downward trend,and the reduction effect of pesticide and fertilizer in Dali and Qujing was significant.The overall intensity of pesticide and fertilizer application was decreasing,but the intensity of pesticide and fertilizer application in Kunming,Chuxiong,Lijiang,Honghe and Xishuangbanna was relatively high,while that in Qujing,Zhaotong,Diqing,Wenshan,Dehong and Nujiang was relatively low.The economic benefits of the application of pesticide and fertilizer all showed an increasing trend,but the benefits of pesticide application were significantly higher than those of chemical fertilizer application.At the same time,there were significant differences in the benefits of the application of pesticide and fertilizer among prefectures and cities.