教育-科研-创业三螺旋创新体系如何促进知识交流?——基于麻省理工学院的案例分析

How Does Triple Helix Innovation System of University's Education-Research-Entrepreneurship Promote Knowledge Exchange?:Based on a Case Study from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

知识交流在促进大学与利益相关者协同起着核心传导作用。本研究从大学人才培养、科技创新、服务社会等职能出发,构建了大学教育-科研-创业的微观三螺旋创新体系,为探讨大学系统提升知识交流水平提供理论依据和分析框架。麻省理工学院三螺旋创新体系加强知识交流的核心实践路径表现为:在教育方面,开设整合式课程、实施以自主学习为中心的教学、推进跨学科教育制度化,核心是培养创新人才;在科研方面,平衡好奇心驱动与应用导向驱动的基础研究、开展跨学科合作研究、激励学生参与研究,核心是发现新理论与方法;在创业方面,缩小成果与市场的差距、促进与合作伙伴的非正式对话和正式协商、积极推动学术创业,核心是创造新产品、服务和系统。结合麻省理工学院的实践案例与我国大学创新体系知识交流现状,本研究从改革教学与评估模式、优化科研环境与管理、培养跨学科思维与合作、构建一体化创业服务体系四方面提出加强知识交流的建议和举措。

Knowledge exchange plays a central role in promoting collaboration between universities and stakeholders.Based on university personnel training,scientific and technological innovation,and serving the society,a triple helix innovation system of university education-researchentrepreneurship is constructed to provide a theoretical and analytical framework for discussing how the university system can improve the level of knowledge exchange.The core elements of the educational practice in the triple helix innovation system by Massachusetts Institute of Technology to enhance knowledge exchange are manifested through the integrated courses development,implementation of instruction that promotes self-directed learning,and promotion of the interdisciplinary education across the institution.The goal is to cultivate innovative talents.In research,this triple helix emphasizes the balance of curiosity-driven fundamental research and use-driven fundamental research,facilitating cooperative research inside and outside the discipline,and encouraging students to participate in research.The goal is to discover new theories and methods.In terms of entrepreneurship,closing the gap between outcomes and market readiness,facilitating informal dialogue and formal consultation with partners,and actively promoting academic entrepreneurship.The core is to create new products,services,and systems to meet the needs of the local communities and society.By exploring and studing the practical cases of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the current situation of knowledge exchange in China's university innovation system,This paper offers suggestions and measures for strengthening knowledge exchange from four aspects:reforming teaching and evaluation mode,optimizing scientific research environment and management,cultivating interdisciplinary thinking and cooperation,and building an integrated entrepreneurial service system.