重要生命事件对主观预期寿命的影响路径及群体差异研究——兼论人民对精神生活的共同追求

Research on Influence path and Group Differences of the Important Life Events on Subjective Life Expectancy——On the People's Common Pursuit of Spiritual Life

为积极应对弱势群体健康老龄化与实现全体人民精神生活共同富裕,探讨客观生命历程中患癌这一重要生命事件,对主观生命历程中主观预期寿命的影响,利用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2018年数据,以中老年人为调查对象,引入代表主观福利特征的抑郁指数和生活满意度的两个中介变量,建立中介效应模型,从理论和实证上分析重要生命事件对主观预期寿命的影响路径及群体差异。研究发现,经历患癌这一重要生命事件会损害中老年人主观福利水平,进而降低中老年人长寿预期;此外,主观福利中介效果对中年人与老年人患癌影响主观预期寿命的过程存在不同的影响机理。具体而言,老年人患癌后,生活满意度显著降低并负向影响主观预期寿命,而中年人则不存在患癌后生活满意度变化影响主观预期寿命。

In order to actively address the healthy aging of vulnerable groups and achieve common prosperity in the spiritual life of all people,we use the data which were extracted from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)2018,to explore the impact of cancer,an important life event in the objective life course,on subjective life expectancy in the subjective life course.This article takes middle-aged and elderly people as the survey object,introduces two intermediary variables which were named depression index and life satisfaction,representing subjective well-being characteristics,and establishes a mediation effect model to analyze the impact path and group differences of the important life events on subjective life expectancy theoretically and empirically.This paper has found that experiencing cancer which is an important life event,can harm the subjective well-being of middle-aged and elderly people,thereby reducing their longevity expectations.In addition,there are different mechanisms for the mediating effect of subjective well-being on the process of cancer affecting subjective life expectancy in middle-aged and elderly people.Specifically,life satisfaction significantly decreases in the elderly after cancer,and negatively affects subjective life expectancy,while life satisfaction does not significantly change in the middle-aged after cancer,and does not affect subjective life expectancy.