技术性贸易壁垒是否具有环境偏向?——基于特别贸易关注的视角

Are Technical Barriers to Trade Environmentally Biased?——From the Perspective of Specific Trade Concerns

为厘清具有限制性的技术性贸易壁垒与行业污染的关系,本文基于特别贸易关注视角,利用2001—2021年中国行业碳排放和技术性贸易壁垒的特别贸易关注数据,实证研究了中国各行业污染状况对一国技术性贸易壁垒实施的影响。研究发现,中国所遭受的限制性的技术性贸易壁垒具有环境偏向,但是此类贸易壁垒的环境偏向只存在于最清洁行业,而不存在于其他行业。进一步的分析得出,技术性贸易壁垒的环境偏向主要来自OECD国家对中国最清洁行业的限制。此外,关于技术性贸易壁垒的歧视性问题,在污染行业中,相对起诉国为多国的情形,针对中国的技术性贸易壁垒相对较少,即不存在歧视中国的情况;相对Non_OECD国家,OECD国家所遭受的技术性贸易壁垒相对较多,即限制性的技术性贸易壁垒存在歧视OECD国家的情况。

To clarify the relationship between restrictive technical barriers to trade and industrial pollution,from the perspective of specific trade concerns,this paper empirically studies the impact of pollution of industries in China on the implementation of technical barriers to trade in a country based on the data of industrial carbon emissions and technical barriers to trade in China from 2001 to 2021.The study found that the restrictive technical barriers to trade suffered by China have an environmental bias,but the environmental bias of such trade barriers exists only in the cleanest industries,but not in other industries.Further analysis shows that the environmental bias of technical barriers to trade mainly comes from OECD countries'restrictions on China's cleanest industries.In addition,regarding the discriminatory issue of technical barriers to trade,in the case of polluting industries,there are relatively fewer technical barriers to trade against China compared with the case of multiple countries,that is,there is no discrimination against China.Compared with non-OECD countries,OECD countries suffer more technical barriers to trade,that is,restrictive technical barriers to trade discriminate against OECD countries.