安石榴苷和类黄酮对生姜茎基腐病的防治效果研究

Control Effects of Punicalagin and Flavonoids on Ginger Stem Rot

生姜是一种重要的香辛调味品,且有一定的药用价值。但由于长期采用无性繁殖和重茬种植,病原菌不断积累,严重影响了生姜的品质和产量。生姜茎基腐病是生姜严重的病害之一,目前对其致病菌的生物学特性研究较少,而且现有的防治措施多存在环境污染和食品安全方面的问题。基于此,本研究拟从莱芜染病生姜植株中分离筛选病原菌,明确其种属和致病性。同时,探究安石榴苷和类黄酮2种外源物质的抑菌效果和对生姜植株防御酶和防御基因的影响。结果表明:本研究共发现7株致病菌,分别为Fusarium verticillioides、Fusarium proliferatum、Penicillium oxalicum、Trichoderma longibrachiatum、Nigrospora oryzae、Fusarium solani、Globisporangium spinosum;2种外源物质对病原菌均有抑菌效果,并且类黄酮的抑菌效果更加显著。20 g/L类黄酮对病原菌Globisporangium spinosum、Trichoderma longibrachiatum的抑制率可达100.0%,对病原菌Penicillium oxalicum、Fusarium proliferatum、Fusarium verticillioides、Fusarium solani、Nigrospora oryzae的抑制率分别为63.4%、64.0%、67.9%、70.8%、91.7%。20 g/L安石榴苷对病原菌Penicillium oxalicum、Fusarium proliferatum、Globisporangium spinosum、Fusarium verticillioides、Trichoderma longibrachiatum、Fusarium solani、Nigrospora oryzae的抑制率分别为27.8%、43.8%、100.0%、30.0%、23.3%、62.5%、83.3%。外源物质类黄酮可明显增加生姜中防御酶(过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶)活力和防御基因(PAL、GLU、ERF、HMGS、WRKY8)表达,在不同浓度(20、10 g/L)类黄酮处理48 h的生姜叶片中,过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活力增高,PAL、GLU、WRKY8防御基因的表达量增加。

Ginger is an important spicy condiment and has some medicinal value,but long-term asexual reproduction and continuous cropping lead to continuous accumulation of pathogenic bacteria,which seriously affects the quality and yield of ginger.Ginger stem rot is one of the serious diseases in ginger.Currently,there is little research on the biological characteristics of its pathogenic bacteria,and available prevention and control measures have problems in environmental pollution and food safety.Based on this,this study aimed to isolate and screen pathogenic bacteria from diseased ginger plants in Laiwu,clarified their species and pathogenicity,as well as the antibacterial effects of two exogenous substances(punicalagin and flavonoids)and their effects on defense enzymes and genes in ginger plants.The results showed that a total of 7 pathogenic bacteria were found in this study,namely Fusarium verticillioides,Fusariumproliferatum,Penicillium oxalicum,Trichoderma longibrachiatum,Nigrospora oryzae,Fusarium solani,and Globisporangiumspinosum.Both exogenous substances had antibacterial effects on pathogenic bacteria,and the antibacterial effectof flavonoids was more significant.The inhibition rates of 20 g/L flavonoids on the pathogenic bacteria Globisporangiumspinosum and Trichoderma longibrachiatum reached 100.0%,and the inhibition rates on the pathogenic bacteria Penicilliumoxalicum,Fusarium proliferatum,Fusarium verticillioides,Fusarium solani and Nigrospora oryzae were 63.4%,64.0%,67.9%,70.8%and 91.7%,respectively.The inhibition rates of 20 g/L punicalagin on pathogenic bacteria Penicilliumoxalicum,Fusarium proliferatum,Globisporangium spinosum,Fusarium verticillioides,Trichoderma longibrachiatum,Fusarium solani and Nigrospora oryzae were 27.8%,43.8%,100.0%,30.0%,23.3%,62.5%and 83.3%,respectively.Exogenous substances flavonoids could significantly increase the activity of defense enzymes(peroxidase andpolyphenol oxidase)and the expression of defense genes(PAL,GLU,ERF,HMGS,WRKY8)in ginger plants.In gingerleaves treated with flavonoids at different concentrations(20 g/L,10 g/L)for 48 hours,the activities of peroxidase andpolyphenol oxidase increased,and the expression levels of PAL,GLU and WRKY8 defense genes increased.