稀土金属浸出回收技术研究进展

Research and development of technology for rare earth metal leaching and recovery

稀土金属在军事、冶金、石油化工、玻璃陶瓷、医药等众多领域均有应用,是现代工业发展以及设计和开发高科技产品的必要原料。随着稀土金属需求量的迅速增长和稀土资源开发力度的加大,稀土自然资源储量不断减少、品位持续降低,因而从稀土原矿和二次资源中提取和回收稀土金属的新技术研究备受关注。独居石、氟碳铈矿和离子型稀土矿是稀土金属的主要来源,废镍氢电池、废荧光材料和废钕铁硼磁体是回收稀土金属的二次资源。综述了稀土原矿和稀土二次资源的浸出和回收技术进展,以期为开发各种条件下稀土金属的有效浸出回收途径提供参考。

Rare earth metals are found extensive use in many fields such as military,metallurgy,petrochemical,glass and ceramics,and medical industry and become essential raw materials required for advancing state-of-art industries and the design and development of high-tech products.With the rapid growth of demand for rare earth metals and expanded development of rare earth resource,the reserves of rare earth are ever decreasing together with lowering grade of the ore.Therefore much attention has been paid to development of novel technologies for extracting and recovering rare earth metals from the run-of-mine rare earth ore or the secondary resources.Monazite,cerium fluoride and ion type rare earth ore are considered as the main sources for extracting rare earth metals while spent nickel-metal hydride batteries,fluorescent materials and NdFeB magnets are being treated as the secondary resources for recycling rare earth metals.The progress of developing technologies for leaching run-of-mine rare earth ore and recycling secondary rare earth resources was reviewed in order to provide reference for the further development of effective solutions to leaching and recycling rare earth metals under various conditions.