北极新奥尔松地区有色雪中的微生物多样性

Microbial diversity in colored snow of Ny-Ålesund,Arctic

北极地区的极端环境孕育了许多独特抗逆性的微生物群落。融雪期,雪冰界面的藻类大量繁殖从而形成有色雪。为了解这种微型生态系统,本研究对新奥尔松地区有色雪和白雪中细菌进行分离培养和16S rRNA基因测序,并分析雪样中的藻类多样性。本研究共分离获得272株细菌,分别属于变形菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门中的32个属、74个种,其中16株分离菌为潜在新种。有色雪中分离到放线菌和拟杆菌,但是白雪中未分离到。在有色雪中,藻类群落以Sanguina nivaloides和Chloromonas nivalis为主,白雪中以Monochrysis sp.和Sanguina nivaloides为主。橘雪中优势的β变形菌纲与拟衣藻存在关联,相互促进生长。本研究结果表明,新奥尔松地区有色雪中微生物多样性较高,并为有色雪生境中的藻菌关联研究提供了基础信息。

The extreme environment of the Arctic region is inhabited by numerous independent stress-resistant microbial communities.During snowmelt,algae at the snow ice interface multiply to form colored snow.To understand this specifc ecosystem,this study isolated and cultured bacteria from colored snow and white snow of Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic,sequenced their 16S rRNA genes,and analyzed algal diversity in snow samples.In total,we isolated 272 bacterial strains,belonging to Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Bacteriodetes and Firmicutes in 32 genera and 74 species,including 16 strains belonging to potentially new species.Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were successfully isolated and cultured from colored snow,but not from white snow.In colored snow,the algal communities were dominated by Sanguina nivaloides and Chloromonas nivalis,whereas the white snow communities were dominated by Monochrysis sp.and Sanguina nivaloides.The dominant betaproteobacteria in orange snow mainly related to Chlamydomonas and mutually promoted the growth of the other communities.The results showed that microbial diversity in colored snowed from the Ny-Ålesund region was high,which provided fundamental information on algal-bacterial association in colored-snow habitats.