神话、图像、仪式——台江苗族“蝴蝶妈妈”信仰的传承载体与机制

Myths,Images and Rites:A Study on“Mother Butterfly”Belief among Miao People in Taijiang Region

蝴蝶崇拜在各地苗族支系中普遍存在,但独以贵州台江地区以神话传说为蓝本构建起的信仰谱系最为完整。“蝴蝶妈妈”系列刺绣纹样最为复杂多样,“鼓藏节”“姊妹节”“独木龙舟节”等庆典上的蝶母相关祭祖活动最为原始本真。台江“蝴蝶妈妈”信仰之所以独具特色且稳定传续,应归因于神话、图像和仪式之间构建起的良性互促机制。

Butterfly worship is common among Miao ethnic groups in various regions,but the lineage based on myths and legends in Taijiang region of Guizhou province is the most complete.The embroidery patterns of the“Mother Butterfly”series are the most complex and diverse,and activities related to its ancestor worship are the most primitive and authentic,such as,the celebrations of“gu-cang-jie”,“zi-mei-jie”and“dumu-longzhou-jie”.The unique and stable inheritance of“Mother Butterfly”belief in Taijiang region can be attributed to the benign and mutual promotion mechanism between myths,images and rites.