普适性阶梯康复训练促进股骨转子间骨折术后股四头肌功能恢复

Universal stepwise rehabilitation training promotes the functional recovery of quadriceps femoris after intertrochanteric femoral fracture surgery

背景:如果未对股四头肌进行有效的康复训练,股骨转子间骨折术后患者的股四头肌肌力会逐渐下降,甚至造成下肢肌肉萎缩,以至于术后患者患侧大腿疼痛,患侧髋、膝关节不灵活等并发症的发生。目的:评价股四头肌的普适性阶梯式康复训练在股骨转子间骨折术后康复的作用,探讨股四头肌康复在股骨转子间骨折术后的康复效果。方法:采用回顾性方法分析2016年10月至2022年2月间应用股四头肌康复方案复健的48例股骨转子间骨折手术患者的资料,康复训练包括股四头肌等张、等长收缩训练等,锻炼时间为术后第1-12周。采用Merle D’Aubigne and Postel评价系统中髋关节活动度评分、WOMAC下肢功能评分及Harris髋关节功能评分评价患者髋关节功能,目测类比评分评估疼痛,医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)评估患者心理状况,同时测量股四头肌肌力变化。结果与结论:①患者骨折平均愈合时间为(9.78±1.65)周。②术后4周,患者髋关节功能较术前显著改善(P<0.01),疼痛目测类比评分降低(P<0.01),股四头肌肌力升高(P<0.01),HADS量表评分降低(P<0.05)。术后12周,随着康复训练的持续,患者髋关节功能及疼痛症状较术后4周进一步改善(P<0.05),肌力进一步恢复(P<0.05),HADS量表评分进一步降低(P<0.01)。术后24周,虽然康复训练已经停止,但患者髋关节功能、肌力等得到了很好的维持,股四头肌没有明显的肌萎缩发生,与术后12周比差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。③术后康复期间未发生并发症及不良事件。④结果提示在股骨转子间骨折术后早期进行普适性阶梯式股四头肌功能康复模式,有助于髋关节功能恢复,具有增加肌肉力量的作用还在一定程度上起到促进骨折愈合作用。

BACKGROUND:If quadriceps femoris muscle is not effectively rehabilitated,the strength of quadriceps femoris muscle in patients with intertrochanteric fractures will gradually decline,even causing lower limb muscle atrophy.As a result,postoperative complications such as pain in the affected thigh and inflexibility of the hip and knee joints will occur.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of universal stepwise rehabilitation training of quadriceps femoris muscle on the postoperative rehabilitation of intertrochanteric fracture of the femur,and to investigate the efficacy of quadriceps femoris rehabilitation in the postoperative rehabilitation of intertrochanteric fractures of the femur.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was performed to analyze the data of 48 patients operated for intertrochanteric fracture of the femur who were rehabbed by applying a quadriceps femoris rehabilitation program between October 2016 and February 2022.Rehabilitation training included isotonic and isometric contraction training of quadriceps femoris muscle,and the time of exercise was from the 1st to the 12th week of the postoperative period.Patient’s Hip function was evaluated using hip joint mobility score in Merle D'Aubigne and Postel evaluation system,WOMAC lower extremity function score,and Harris hip joint function score.The Visual Analog Scale was used to assess patients’pain.The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess the patient’s psychological status.Changes in quadriceps muscle strength were also measured.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The average healing time of the fracture was(9.78±1.65)weeks.At 4 weeks postoperatively,the patient’s hip function significantly improved compared with that at the preoperative period(P<0.01),the Visual Analog Scale scores for pain evaluation decreased(P<0.01),quadriceps femoris muscle strength increased(P<0.01),and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores decreased(P<0.05).At 12 weeks postoperatively,as the rehabilitation training continued,the patient's hip function and pain symptoms further improved compared with those at 4 weeks postoperatively(P<0.05),quadriceps femoris muscle strength further recovered(P<0.05),and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores further decreased(P<0.01).At 24 weeks postoperatively,the rehabilitation training had been stopped,the patient’s hip joint function and muscle strength were well maintained,and no obvious amyotrophy occurred in the quadriceps femoris muscle,and there were no significant differences between 12 and 24 weeks postoerpatively(P>0.05).No complications and adverse events occurred during postoperative rehabilitation.To conclude,the application of universal stepwise functional rehabilitation model of quadriceps femoris muscle in the early postoperative period of intertrochanteric formal fracture is helpful for the recovery of hip joint function,increasing muscle strength,and promoting fracture healing to a certain extent.