私权领域警察权的介入模式与转型——以民间借贷纠纷为视角

The Intervention and Transition of Police Power in Private Rights:Centered on Private Loan

随着我国开放式市场经济的发展,私权领域社会矛盾的集中爆发往往源于私权主体的借贷关系,广泛影响公民人身权与财产权,涉及社会秩序稳定,需要公安机关这类秩序行政主体予以规制。私权领域的公权介入,在民间借贷纠纷体系上展现出跨法域的复合型法律关系以及多阶段纠纷展开的特点,应当以合法型、非法型、犯罪型三种借贷关系来确立警察权介入的法律界限,因借贷关系产生的治安纠纷应当纳入警察权介入调整的范围之内,形成分层次、多阶段的规制路径。现有的介入运行机制属于结果救济模式,在实际运作中面临行政手段介入缺失、案件证据过度依赖、治理路径过度刑法化等困境。介入模式的转型应当以风险防范型警察权理论为基础,通过行政过程论在民间借贷纠纷领域的具体展开以及技术治理手段的精细化运用,实现由结果救济模式向过程规制模式转变。

With the development of our country's open market economy,the concentrated outbreak of social contradictions in the field of private rights often stems from the loan relationship of private right subjects,which has widely affected citizens'personal rights and property rights.Concerning social order stability,it is needed to regulate such administrative subject of public security organs.The intervention of public right in the field of private right shows the cross-legal compound legal relationship in the private loan dispute system,and the characteristics of multi-stage dispute development.The legal boundary of police power intervention should be established by three kinds of loan relationship,namely legal,illegal and criminal.The public security disputes arising from the loan relationship should be included in the scope of police power intervention adjustment.Form a hierarchical and multi-stage regulation path.The existing intervention operation mechanism belongs to the result relief mode.In the actual operation,it faces difficulties such as the absence of intervention of administrative means,excessive reliance on case evidence and excessive criminalization of governance path.The transformation of intervention mode should be based on the theory of risk prevention type of police power,and realize the transformation from result relief mode to process regulation mode through the concrete development of administrative process theory in the field of private loan disputes and the fine application of technical governance means.