逮捕社会危险性的教义学解释——以《刑事诉讼法》第81条为中心

Dogmatics Interpretation of“Social Dangerousness”of Arrest--Article 81 of the Criminal Procedure Law as the Center

为推动检察人员充分判断社会危险性要件,研究者应运用法教义学方法重新解释社会危险性,以确保逮捕的审慎适用。社会危险性在《刑事诉讼法》第81条第1款中应被解释为诉讼妨碍性及再犯可能性要素,而在第2款为个案危险性要素,包含罪行危险性及个人危险性。司法实践中的“平面式”审查模式不具审慎性及操作合理性。结合法律体系及立法初衷的考量,检察人员应以“梯度式”审查模式判断社会危险性要素,即审查对象不具备第1款的要素时,毋需接受第2款审查,取保候审应优先适用;但经过第1款审查后审查对象具有一定社会危险性时,检察人员应结合第2款规定审查逮捕必要性。羁押必要性是社会危险性的必要延伸,但存在区别。

To promote prosecutors to fully judge the social dangerousness element,researchers should apply a legal dogmatics approach to reinterpret social dangerousness,and the purpose is the prudent application of arrest.Social dangerousness shall be interpreted as litigation obstruction and possibility of recidivism elements in Article 81(1)of the Criminal Procedure Law,and as case dangerousness in Article 81(2),which can be divided into crime dangerousness and personal dangerousness.In practice,prosecutors use a“flat”review model to examine the elements,which is not prudent and operationally sound.Considering the legal system and the legislative purpose,prosecutors should use a“gradient”review model to determine the elements of social dangerousness,namely if the subject of review does not have the elements of paragraph 1,there is no need to review paragraph 2 and bail shall be applied in preference;however,when the subject of review has a certain social dangerousness after paragraph 1 review,the prosecutor shall review the necessity of arrest in conjunction with the provisions of paragraph 2.The necessity of detention is a necessary extension of social dangerousness,but there are differences.