文化差异和劳动力跨境流动——基于中国对外劳务输出的事实证据

Cultural Diversity and Cross-Border Flow of Labor——Empirical Evidence from China's Labor Service Export

采用2011—2019年50个中国跨境劳务输出东道国(地区)的面板数据作为样本,构建“法律环境差异”及其分别同“霍夫斯泰德社会文化距离”“语言差异”“信仰文化多样性”“民族多样性”交乘的五维文化差异测度体系,实证检验文化差异对劳动力跨境流动的显性和隐性壁垒作用。研究发现,社会文化、语言、信仰、民族及法治环境五方面的文化差异均会显著抑制我国对外劳务输出的规模,且该抑制效应在洲际市场和劳务合作类型两方面均存在异质性。

The paper selected the panel data of 50 cross-border labor export host countries or regions of China from 2011 to 2019 as the sample,and constructed the five-dimensional measurement system of cultural diversity,including"legal environmental diferences","Hofstede socio-cultural distance","language differences","belief diversity"and"ethnic diversity".Then the paper empirically examined the explicit or invisible barrier function of cultural diversity on the cross-border flow of labor.The results showed that,the cultural differences in socio-culture,language,belief,nationality and legal environment,all had an inhibiting effect on the size of China's foreign labor export.And this negative effect had heterogeneity at the aspects of intercontinental market and labor cooperation.