创新、人力资本与城镇劳动收入差距

Innovation,Human Capital and Urban Labour Income Disparity

基于CHIP2002年、2013年和2018年城镇劳动者的数据研究发现,创新活动会扩大中国城镇地区劳动者的劳动收入差距并且是除了教育和年龄以外最为重要的贡献因素,但扩大作用在不断减弱,表现为单位GDP专利授权数每提升一个单位导致劳动收入的Gini系数上升幅度下降。此外,创新活动主要通过禀赋效应使高收入人群内部的劳动收入差距扩大,且没有证据表明创新活动会通过歧视效应扩大低收入群体相对其他收入群体的劳动收入差距,更没有证据表明创新活动会将低收入劳动群体挤出劳动力市场。创新活动通过与年轻劳动者或受过高等教育劳动者结合,使高收入人群内部的劳动收入差距扩大。

Based on the CHIP data of urban workers in 2002,2013 and 2018,the paper found that,innovation was the most important factor for widening income disparities of workers in China's urban areas without regard to education and age.However,the widening effect was constantly weakening,as evidenced by the slower rise of the Gini coefficient of labour income along with the one-unit elevation in the number of patents granted per unit of GDP.Besides,innovation has widened the inner labour income disparity for high-income group mainly through the endowment effect,while there was no evidence that innovation might widen the labour income disparity between the low-income group and other groups with different income level through the discrimination effect.Meanwhile,we couldn't prove that,innovation might get rid of the low-income group from labour markets.Moreover,innovation could widen the income disparity within the high-income group after the innovation application of young workers or those highly-educated workers.