2016—2021年绵阳市手足口病流行特征与病原学检测分析

Epidemiological characteristics and etiological analysis of hand-foot-mouth disease in Mianyang from 2016 to 2021

目的 分析2016—2021年绵阳市手足口病流行特征和病原学检测结果,为制定绵阳市手足口病防治策略提供科学依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法对2016—2021年绵阳市手足口病病例资料进行流行病学特征分析,采用实验室实时荧光定量PCR法对病例样本进行病原检测。结果 2016—2021年绵阳市手足口病临床诊断病例1 711例,实验室确诊病例1 519例,肠道病毒阳性检出率为88.78%,柯萨奇病毒A16型344例,肠道病毒71型64例,其他型肠道病毒1 111例。绵阳市手足口病高发季为5~7月和10~12月;高发人群为0~<5岁年龄组儿童;临床诊断病例和实验室确诊病例,男性患者均多于女性;实验室确诊病例病原体构成以其他肠道病毒为主,占比为73.14%。结论 手足口病高发季应加大对高发人群的防控力度,必要时在学校、社区和公共场所预防性消毒,加强该病的预防知识教育,提高医务人员的临床判断能力,保证患者早发现和早治疗,使手足口病疫情得到及时、有效控制。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and etiological detection results of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)in Mianyang from 2016 to 2021,and to provide scientific basis for formulating the epidemic prevention and control strategies.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD case data from 2016 to 2021,and laboratory real-time fuorescent quantitative PCR methods were used to detect the pathogens in case samples.Results From 2016 to 2021,there were 1711 clinically diagnosed cases and 1519 laboratory-confirmed cases of HFMD in Mianyang,and the positive detection rate of enterovirus was 88.78%.Among them,there were 344 cases of Coxsackie virus type A16,64 cases of enterovirus type 71,and 1111 cases of other enteroviruses.The high incidence seasons of HFMD in Mianyang City were May-July and October-December.The high incidence population was children aged O-5 years,among clinical diagnostic cases and laboratory confirmed casesmales males were more than females.In laboratory confirmed cases the pathogens were mainly other enteroviruses,accounting for 73.14%.Conclusion In high-incidence seasons of HFMD,the prevention and control of high-incidence groups should be intensified,disinfection should be carried out in corresponding schools,communities and public places when necessary.Education on the prevention of HFMD should be strengthened.Furthermore,the clinical judgment ability of medical staff should be improved to ensure the early detection and treatment of patients,so as to control the epidemic of HFMD timely and effectively.