2017—2021年呼和浩特市哨点医院5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻监测分析

Surveillance analysis of viral diarrhea among children under 5 years old in a sentinel hospital of Hohhot City from 2017 to 2021

目的了解2017—2021年呼和浩特市5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻及主要病原的流行特征,为呼和浩特市儿童病毒性腹泻的疾病预防、监测和疫情处置提供科学依据。方法收集2017年1月至2021年12月呼和浩特市哨点医院5岁以下腹泻住院患儿的个案信息和粪便标本,采用酶联免疫吸附试验和实时荧光定量PCR分别对样本进行轮状病毒、杯状病毒、肠道腺病毒和星状病毒检测。数据采用Excel 2010软件进行处理,并通过SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。结果本研究共收集呼和浩特市哨点医院2017年1月至2021年12月符合条件的腹泻样本1350份,其中男性患儿784份(58.07%),女性患儿566份(41.93%),阳性样本449份,占全部病例的33.26%。单一感染以杯状病毒(17.11%)和轮状病毒(12.22%)为主,混合感染以轮状病毒合并杯状病毒为主(2.07%)。<1岁年龄组患儿的病毒阳性检出率最高(37.52%)。发病高峰主要集中在每年9月至次年3月。结论呼和浩特市2017—2021年5岁以下病毒性腹泻住院患儿以轮状病毒和杯状病毒感染为主,阳性病例多数集中在2岁以下患儿,以秋冬季高发,建议进一步加强此阶段儿童病毒性腹泻监测工作。

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of viral diarrhea and main pathogens in children under 5 years old in Hohhot City from 2017 to 2021,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention,surveillance and epidemic treatment of viral diarrhea in children in Hohhot City.Methods The case information and fecal samples of hospitalized children under 5 years old with diarrhea were collected in a sentinel hospital of Hohhot from January 2017 to December 2021,and the samples were detected for Rotavirus,Human calicivirus,Enteric adenovirus and Astrovirus using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and realtime fluorescence PCR.The data were processed by Excel 2010 software and statistically analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software.Results In this study,a total of 1350 qualified diarrhea samples were collected in the sentinel hospital of Hohhot City from January 2017 to December 2021,including 784(58.07%)male children and 566(41.93%)female children,with a total of 449 positive samples,accounting for 33.26%of all cases.Single infection was dominated by Human calicivirus(17.11%)and Rotavirus(12.22%),and mixed infection was dominated by Rotavirus combined with Human calicivirus(2.07%).The positive rate of virus was the highest in children under one year old group(37.52%).The peak of the incidence mainly occurred from September to March of the following year.Conclusion Rotavirus and Human calicivirus predominate in hospitalized children under 5 years old with viral diarrhea in Hohhot City from 2017 to 2021,and the positive cases are mostly in children under 2 years old,with a high incidence in autumn and winter.It is recommended to further strengthen the surveillance of viral diarrhea in children at this stage.