绵阳市涪城区2012—2021年梅毒流行特征及防控措施探讨

Epidemiological characteristics and prevention and control measures of syphilis in Fucheng District,Mianyangg City from 2012 to 2021

目的分析绵阳市涪城区2012—2021年梅毒病例的流行病学特征和分布规律,为该地区制定梅毒防控措施和策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对绵阳市涪城区2012—2021年梅毒病例的流行病学特征进行分析。结果绵阳市涪城区2012—2021年共报告梅毒病例2746例,死亡1例,年均发病率为46.47/10万,死亡率为0.02/10万,病死率为0.04%。不同年份发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=243.74,P<0.01),发病率呈逐年上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=68.17,P<0.01)。城区发病率高于乡镇(χ^(2)=53.96,P<0.01);全年各月均有发病,梅毒发病无季节聚集性(r=0.03,P>0.05)。男性发病率低于女性(χ^(2)=50.98,P<0.01);≥80岁年龄组发病率最高(174.75/10万),不同年龄组发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=941.02,P<0.01),发病率随年龄增加呈上升趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=161.25,P<0.01);梅毒发病人群职业以家务及待业为主,占35.14%;其临床诊断病例均为确诊病例。结论2012—2021年绵阳市涪城区梅毒发病率呈上升趋势,应采取综合性防控措施与策略,以减轻梅毒的危害。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and distribution patterns of syphilis cases in Fucheng District,Mianyang City from 2012 to 2021,so as to provide scientific basis for syphilis prevention and control measures and strategies in the area.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis cases reported in Fucheng District,Mianyang City from 2012 to 2021.Results A total of 2746 syphilis cases and 1 death were reported from 2012 to 2021 in Fucheng District,Mianyang City.The annual incidence rate was 46.47/100000,the mortality rate was 0.02/100000,and the case fatality rate was 0.04%.There were statistically significant differences in the incidence rate in different years(χ^(2)=243.74,P<0.01),and the incidence rate showed an upward trend year by year(χ^(2)_(trend)=68.17,P<0.01).The incidence rate in urban areas was higher than that in townships(χ^(2)=53.96,P<0.01);the incidence occurred in every month of the year,and there was no seasonal clustering(r=0.03,P>0.05).The incidence rate of males was lower than that of females(χ^(2)=50.98,P<0.01);the age group over 80 years old had the highest incidence rate(174.75/100000),and the differences were statistically significant among diferent age groups(χ^(2)=941.02,P<0.01).The incidence showed an upward trend with age(χ^(2)_(trend)=161.25,P<0.01);the main occupations of patients were housework and unemployed(35.14%);all clinical diagnoses were confirmed cases.Conclusion The incidence of syphilis in Fucheng District of Mianyang City is on the rise from 2012 to 2021.Comprehensive prevention and control measures and strategies should be taken to further control the harm of syphilis.