2020年内蒙古自治区中小学校环境卫生现状分析

Analysis of environmental hygiene of primary and secondary schools in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2020

目的分析内蒙古自治区中小学校环境卫生现状,为今后制定学校卫生相关政策标准提供科学依据。方法2020年9—11月,采用分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取内蒙古自治区392所中小学校进行饮水、食堂、厕所、宿舍等生活环境卫生状况实地调查,对选择的监测教室人均面积、课桌椅、黑板、采光、照明和噪声等方面展开现场测量。结果内蒙古自治区392所监测学校,小学136所,占34.7%,中学256所,占65.3%,噪声平均合格率最高,为88.0%;黑版面照度均匀度,平均合格率为85.1%;课桌面平均照度合格率最低,为2.0%;课桌椅分配符合率的平均合格率为30.9%;黑板面平均照度的平均合格率为33.2%。小学黑板尺寸合格率(98.2%)和黑板面平均照度合格率(63.1%)高于中学,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=348.659,505.641,P<0.05);中学教室人均面积合格率(65.8%)、课桌椅分配符合率(35.3%)、噪声合格率(88.4%)高于小学,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=62.163,41.719,22.907,P<0.05)。结论内蒙古自治区中小学校饮水、食堂、宿舍、厕所等生活环境卫生状况整体良好,教室环境卫生稍差,教室人均面积、课桌椅分配符合率、采光照明等指标平均合格率偏低,建议加强学校管理人员的技术培训和卫生标准宣贯,以改善学校环境卫生状况。

Objective To analyze the current situation of environmental hygiene in primary and secondary schools in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating policy standards related to school hygiene in the future.Methods A total of 392 primary and secondary schools in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected from September to November 2020,a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to investigate the sanitation of drinking water,canteens,toilets,dormitories,etc.,and the per capita area,desks,chairs,blackboards,daylighting,lighting and noise of the selected monitoring classrooms were measured on site.Results Among the 392 monitored schools in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,136(34.7%)were primary schools and 256(65.3%)were middle schools.The noise pass rate was the highest at 88.0%.The average pass rate of illumination uniformity of black pages was 85.1%.The average illumination pass rate of classroom desktops was 2.0%,which was the lowest.The average pass rate of desks and chairs allocation was 30.9%,and those of the average illumination on the blackboard was 33.2%.The pass rate of blackboard size(98.2%)and the qualified rate of average illumination on the blackboard surface(63.1%)in primary schools were higher than those in secondary schools,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=348.659,505.641,P<0.05).The per capita classro0m area pass rate(65.8%),desk and chair allocation compliance rate(35.3%)and noise pass rate(88.4%)in middle schools were higher than those in primary schools,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=62.163,41.719,22.907,P<0.05).Conclusion The overall living environmental hygiene of drinking water,canteens,dormitories,toilets and other primary and secondary schools in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is good,but the environmental hygiene of classrooms is slightly poor,and the per capita area of classrooms,the distribution rate of desks and chairs allocation,and the qualification rate of daylighting and lighting indicators are low.It is suggested to strengthen the technical training of school administrators and the promotion and implementation of health standards in order to improve the environmental hygiene condition of schools.