周原与镐京——关于西周王朝的都城

Zhouyuan and Haojing:On the Capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty

周原是规模最大、遗存最丰富的西周遗址,近年在遗址核心区域又确认了形状方正、规划严谨、规模庞大的城址。周原即金文中的“周”和“宗周”,是西周王朝的首都。金文中的京即镐京,是关中东部的重要城邑和交通枢纽,也是周王的游猎地,但武王以后已不是都城。将镐京误认为西周首都始于战国时期,可能出自在同一地区立都的秦人。

Zhouyuan is the largest Western Zhou site that has yielded the richest archaeological remains.In recent years,a rectangular,rigorously planned,and monumental walled city has been found in the core area of the site.This paper argues that Zhouyuan was named Zhou周and Zongzhou宗周in bronze inscriptions,which means that it was the capital city of the Zhou dynasty.The Haojing葵京mentioned in bronze inscriptions should correspond to Haojing镐京in transmitted texts,which was an important city,a transportation hub,and a royal resort.But it was no longer the capital after King Wu.The misidentification of Haojing as the Zhou capital probably started by the Qin in the Warring States period,whose capital at this time was located in the same region.