数字经济对大中小企业全要素生产率影响的鸿沟效应

The Gap Effect of the Digital Economy on the Total Factor Productivity of Large Enterprises and SMEs

数字经济是驱动企业发展的重要动力,但在企业间仍存在不均衡问题。本文以2011—2020年沪深A股制造业上市公司为样本,以国家级大数据综合试验区代表数字经济发展,检验了数字经济发展对企业全要素生产率影响是否存在鸿沟效应。研究发现:数字经济发展对企业全要素生产率的影响在大企业与中小企业间存在明显的鸿沟效应;影响机制在于数字经济发展扩大了两类企业间数字化转型的差距,从而导致两者全要素生产率差距的进一步扩大。进一步研究发现,对于融资能力较强、技术创新能力较强以及组织适应性较强的大企业,数字经济发展对提高企业全要素生产率发挥了更显著的作用。本研究对政府如何更好地发展数字经济,中小企业如何借助数字经济实现数字化转型价值最大化具有积极的政策意义和实践参考。

The development of digital economy provides important support for the high-quality development of enterprises.Existing literatures pay more attention to the positive impact of the development of digital economy and overemphasize its positive effect.A few literatures also pay attention to the “digital divide” between regions and individuals.Due to the differences in the application ability of information technology,the development between regions and individuals is unbalanced.However,the development of information technology may also cause heterogeneity among enterprises,but the existing literature has not analyzed the specific forms of heterogeneity among enterprises and the specific reasons behind it.In the context of the development of digital economy,the vast majority of small and medium-sized enterprises may be faced with the development dilemma of “unable to turn,dare not turn,cannot turn”.Therefore,it is of positive policy significance to study whether there is a digital divide in the development of digital economy among enterprises with different scales,as well as the specific influencing mechanism and internal driving factors of the digital divide.This will help the government to better develop the digital economy and how small and medium-sized enterprises can maximize the value of digital transformation with the help of the digital economy.Based on this,this paper takes A-share manufacturing listed companies over the period 2011-2020 as a sample,and uses National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone as the representative of the development of digital economy to test whether there is a digital divide in the impact of the development of the digital economy on the total factor productivity of manufacturing enterprises.The empirical results show that there is an obvious digital divide between large and small and medium-sized enterprises in the impact of digital economy development on total factor productivity of enterprises.The impact mechanism is that the development of the digital economy has increased the gap between the two types of enterprises in the digital transformation,leading to the further expansion of the productivity gap between the two.Further research found that the development of digital economy has played a more significant role in the total factor productivity of large enterprises with strong financing ability,strong technological innovation ability and strong organizational adaptability.The main contributions of this research include three aspects.Firstly,in the context of achieving common prosperity,this paper studies whether there is a digital divide between enterprises with different manufacturing scales in the development of digital economy and the specific mechanism of the digital divide,which is helpful to enrich and expand the relevant literature of digital economy and reveal the internal logic of the imbalance between enterprises with different scales in the development of digital economy.Secondly,this paper discusses the influence of the development of digital economy on the total factor productivity of enterprises and the formation mechanism of the digital divide between enterprises with different manufacturing scale,that is,digital transformation.Furthermore,it further studies the driving factors that enterprises can improve the degree of digital transformation and improve production efficiency,namely financing,technological innovation and organizational adaptability.Thirdly,this paper provides a new explanation for the “paradox of information technology productivity”.The existing literature suggests that firms that use information technology intensively do not increase output but lay off workers,moving displaced workers to less productive sectors and reducing productivity throughout the economy.This paper argues that the development of digital economy has a digital gap between enterprises with different manufacturing scales,that is,some enterprises benefit from the development of digital economy,while others do not benefit or even have a transition crisis,which may also be the reason why the development of digital economy does not bring the improvement or even decline of the productivity of the whole economy.