千岛湖区马尾松次生林疏伐后阔叶树生长和群落恢复研究

Study on Growth and Community Recovery of Broadleaf Trees After Thinning of Secondary Forest of Pinus massoniana in Thousand-isle Lake Area

因分布于千岛湖的大面积马尾松占优势的次生林面临松材线虫病威胁,1996—2002年2次进行“砍松留阔”36.6%~50.0%高强度疏伐试验,于2022年进行调查,分析其阔叶树生长和群落恢复情况。结果表明:马尾松纯林经过疏伐后,促进了常绿阔叶树生长,阔叶树重要值从首次疏伐6年后上升至31.96%,第2次疏伐再过20年后增加到76.78%;马尾松阔叶混交林中的马尾松重要值试验初为66.87%,第1次疏疏伐6年后下降至34.05%,第2次疏伐再过20年后下降到13.54%;没有疏伐的常绿阔叶林前6年蓄积量年平均增长6.3%,再过20年后,优势树种苦槠枯死比例达1/3,总体蓄积呈基本稳定态势。马尾松林分布区高强度科学疏伐经营,可以促进林分的正向演替,免遭松材线虫病危害,同时还有一定的经济效益。

As a large area of secondary forest dominated by Pinus massoniana in Thousand-isle Lake was threatened by pine wood nematode disease,from 1996 to 2002,thinning experiments of cutting pine and retaining broadleaf with 36.6%-50.0%high-intensity were carried out twice,and the growth and community recovery of broadleaf trees were investigated and analyzed in 2022.The results showed as follows:after thinning of pure Pinus massoniana forest,the growth of evergreen broadleaf trees was promoted,and the important value of broadleaf trees increased to 31.96%after the first thinning six years later and increased to 76.78%after the second thinning twenty years later;the beginning experiment of important value of Pinus massoniana in the mixed forest of Pinus massoniana and broadleaf was 66.87%,which decreased to 34.05%after the first thinning six years later,and decreased to 13.54%after the second thinning twenty years later;the average annual accumulation of evergreen broadleaf forests without thinning increased by 6.3%in the first six years,and after another twenty years,the withered proportion of the dominant tree species Castanopsis sclerophylla reached one third,and the overall accumulation showed a basically stable trend.The high-intensity scientific thinning management in the distribution area of Pinus massoniana forest can promote the positive succession of forest stands and avoid the harm of pine wood nematode disease,and also have certain economic benefits.