基于步行可达性的高铁站公交设施布局优化

Research on Layout Optimization of High-speed Rail Hub Public Transportation Facilities Based on Walking Accessibility

“站城融合”理念要求高铁站区的公共交通设施应具备良好的步行可达性和紧凑的空间形态。为使二者协同优化,在经典可达性模型的基础上引入空间形态参数,建立公共交通设施步行可达性改进模型。并以步行可达性最大和总建设成本最小为目标函数,以公交线路、建成环境及相关规范对公共交通设施的要求为约束条件,建立公共交通设施布局优化模型;通过引入整数决策变量和采用对数形式处理非线性的目标函数,将模型重构为混合整数线性规划模型(MILP),并利用MATLAB改进了求解模型的NSGA-Ⅱ算法。最后以某高铁站核心区公共交通设施为例进行优化求解,得到了在特定成本限制下实现该区域步行可达性最优的公共交通设施布局方案,验证了步行可达性改进模型的合理性。

The concept of“station-city integration”requires that the public transportation facilities in the high-speed railwayhub area should have good walking accessibility and compact spatial form.In order to optimize the cooperation between pedestrian accessibility of public transport facilities,an improved reachability model for public transport facilities is established by introducing spatial shape parameters on the basis of the classic reachability model.Taking the maximum walking accessibility and minimum total construction cost as the objective function,and taking the requirements of bus lines,built environment and related specifications for public transportation facilities as constraints,the layout optimization model of public transportation facilities is established.The model is reconstructed into a mixed integer linear programming model(MILP)by introducing integer decision variables and treating nonlinear objective functions in logarithmic form.Subsequently,the NSGA-Ⅱalgorithm for solving the model was improved by MATLAB.Finally,taking the public transportation facilities in the core area of a station as an example,the layout scheme of public transportation facilities with the best walking accessibility in the area under specific cost constraints is obtained,and the rationality of the walking accessibility improvement model is verified.