郑州地区东周腰坑墓的考古学研究——基于墓葬的历时性变化与墓主人群族属的考察

On the inscriptions of the granting Jin the Western Zhou Dynasty

郑州地区东周腰坑墓分布零散,无专门的墓地和集中的墓区。墓中腰坑形状多样,以不规则形和长方形为主,其规格与墓口面积成正比。郑州地区东周腰坑墓以南北向者居多,葬式多为仰身直肢,其中男性墓主的比例明显大于女性。春秋时期墓中腰坑多殉牲,战国时期墓中腰坑则以葬器为主,反映了时人丧葬观念的变化。战国中期以后,墓葬建筑流行专门放置随葬品的壁龛,且壁龛逐渐替代了腰坑葬器的功能,从而加速了中国古代墓葬中腰坑消亡的节奏。郑州地区东周腰坑墓的数量及随葬品特征显示,该类墓的墓主人群以殷遗民为主,战国晚期腰坑墓的衰亡反映了殷遗民融入周人共同体的历史事实。

The tombs with waist pits of the Eastern Zhou Period in Zhengzhou are scattered,while concentrated burial areas or cemeteries of such kind are absent.The waist pits are diverse in shape,mainly irregular or rectangular.In Zhengzhou,the waist-pit tombs of the Eastern Zhou period are mostly north-south oriented,while the tomb occupants were mainly buried in the supine and straight position.Male tomb occupants are significantly larger in number than women.During the Spring and Autumn Period,there were many martyrs in the waist pits.In the Warring States period,vessels were deposited in the waist pits.lt reflects the change in the funeral concept then.After the middle Warring States period,niches gradually replaced waist pits.The tomb occupants should have been mainly Yin remnants.The decline and demise of the waist pit tombs in the late Warring States period reflects that Yin remnants being integrated into the Zhou community.