教师课外工作时间的结构特征与优化路径:教学高质量发展的视角

Structural Characteristics and Optimization Paths of Teachers'Extracurricular Working Time:The Perspective of High-Quality Teaching Development

随着基础教育竞争加剧与课后服务等政策落地,中小学教师的课外工作时间日趋增加。本研究基于上海初中教师的调查数据分析发现:教师的课外工作时间较长,平均每日接近8小时,且在性别、学历、学科和教龄上存在显著的群体间差异。虽然教师课外工作时间偏长,但不应该一刀切地盲目缩减,而是要审慎地基于教育教学的提质增效、围绕高质量教学的目标达成对其进行统筹优化。为此研究进一步分析了课外工作时间与教学质量的关系,并发现:两者呈先上升后下降的倒U型曲线关系,且不同类型的时间存在效应差异。据此,教师应当合理转移课外工作时间的边际效应,对其进行结构性调整;教育部门和学校领导者可给予教师充分的时间支配自主权,引导其回归专业本位。

With the intensification of competition in basic education and the implementation of policies such as after-school services,the extracurricular work time of primary and secondary school teachers are increasing.Based on the analysis of Shanghai secondary teachers'survey data,this study found that teachers'extra-curricular work hours are relatively long,with an average of nearly 8 hours a day,and there are significant group differences in gender,educational degree,subject and teaching experience.Although teachers'extracurricular work time is relatively long,it should not be blindly reduced across the board,but should be prudently based on the improvement of education and teaching quality,and the overall optimization of the goal of high-quality teaching.To this end,the study further analyzed the relationship between extracurricular working time and teaching quality,and found that:the two showed an inverted U-shaped curve relationship that first increased and then decreased,and different time showed different effects on teaching quality.Accordingly,teachers should adjust structure of extracurricular working time,and reasonably transfer the marginal effect;educational departments and school leaders can give teachers sufficient autonomy to control their time,and guide it back to professional standards.