新生代乡村教师缘何“流”与“留”?——双向推拉理论视角的阐释

Why the New Generation of Rural Teachers"Flow"and"Stay"?——Interpretation of Two Way Push-Pull Theory Perspective

新生代乡村教师的留教选择影响着乡村师资队伍的稳定性。研究借助双向推拉理论、采用质性访谈法探究新生代乡村教师留教选择的主要类型、生成缘由及机制后发现:他们可分为逃意坚定的“过路人”、犹豫不决的“观望者”、为编回流的“契约人”和家校村同构的“寻梦人”四种类型;影响其留教选择的推拉因素整体呈现“差序格局”,流入地因素存在“效应变迁”;受家本位流动逻辑影响,家校距离是其留教的前提条件,薪酬待遇、编制保障是关键因素,教育理想是根本动力。研究建议通过本地推进、劣势扭转、保障托底、理想筑牢策略助力新生代教师留教乡村。

The choice of the new generation of rural teachers to stay and teach affects the stability of rural teachers.By means of the two way push-pull theory and qualitative interview,we explore the main types,influencing factors and generation mechanism of the new generation of rural teachers'choice of staying in rural areas to teach.We find that they can be divided into four types:"passers-by"who are determined to escape,"wait and see people"who are hesitant,"contract people"who are trying to make up the return,and"dream seekers"who regard home,school and vllage as one.The push and pull factors that affect their choice of staying in rural areas to teach show a differential pattern.The inflow factors have effect changes.Under the influence of family-based flow logic,the distance between home and school is the prerequisite,the salary and establishment guarantee are the key factors,and educational ideal is the fundamental driving force.It is suggested to help the new generation of teachers to stay in rural areas through the strategies of local promotion,reversal of disadvantages,guarantee of underpinning and strengthening of ideals.