元阳哈尼梯田遗产乡村聚落韧性测度及优化策略——以多依树村为例

Resilience Measurement of Rural Settlement in Hani Terrace Field Heritage in Yuanyang and Its Optimization Strategy:A Case Study of Duoyishu Village

文章基于社会生态韧性的演化思维,建立了以“应对长期、隐性、缓慢冲击的韧性”和“韧性为增进本地居民利益”为考量的乡村聚落韧性测度指标体系。以多依树聚落为例,运用层次分析法、量表打分和模糊评价法、自然断点法,测度其韧性发展现状,据此探索同一行政村内不同韧性水平聚落的韧性提升策略。研究表明:①多依树聚落韧性整体处于中等水平。在各维度韧性评价序列中,社会韧性水平最高,其后依次为空间韧性、制度韧性、经济韧性、生态韧性和文化韧性。②遗产地村域内聚落之间在各个维度的韧性能力存在明显差异,获得较好政策扶持和积极发展遗产旅游业的社区,其聚落韧性水平相对较高。③人口老龄化、乡村建设用地破碎、保护规划实施不利、旅游开发单一、自然灾害频发、传统文化传承人减少是多依树聚落不同维度韧性能力的短板。④依据遗产地乡村聚落韧性水平将其分为巩固稳健类、提高适应类和学习转型类等3种类型,对应韧性优化策略为:巩固稳健类乡村聚落应巩固应对干扰的抵御能力,加强乡村自身基底的自稳健性,关键是要降低自然灾害发生的频率,构建社会网络结构,加强聚落间经济的互补;提高适应类乡村聚落要增强对于扰动的更新适应能力,完善干扰预警应对机制,运用现代方式演绎历史文化,提升聚落社区的自组织性,创新文化活态传承,此外,要严格乡村聚落建设用地的管控;学习转型类乡村聚落应注重村落改革发展引擎的提质改进,注意多元主体的协同参与和社区保障机制的建设与健全。

Based on the evolutionary thinking of social ecological resilience,the article establishes the measurement index system of rural settlement resilience that considers"resilience to cope with long-term,implicit,and slow impacts"and"resilience to enhance the interests of local residents".Taking the Duoyishu Village as an example and using AHP,scale scoring,fuzzy evaluation,and natural breakpoint method,this study measures its resilience development status,and explores resilience improvement strategies for settlements with different resilience levels within the same administrative village.Research shows that:1)The overall resilience of Duoyishu Village is at a moderate level.The resilience values of each dimension are ranked,social resilience is at the highest level,followed by spatial resilience,institutional resilience,economic resilience,ecological resilience,and cultural resilience.2)There are significant differences in the resilience capabilities of settlements in heritage sites in various dimensions.Communities that receive good policy support and actively develop heritage tourism have relatively high resilience level.3)Aging population,fragmented rural construction land,unfavorable implementation of protection planning,single tourism development,frequent natural disasters,and a decrease in the number of inheritors of traditional culture are the weaknesses in the resilience of Duoyishu Village in different dimensions.4)According to the resilience level of rural settlements in heritage sites,it can be divided into three types:consolidation and stability type,improvement and adaptation type,and learning and transformation type.At the type of consolidation and stability settlement,it should strengthen their resistance to interference,strengthen the self stability of the rural base,and reduce the frequency of natural disasters,construct social network structures,and strengthen the economic complementarity between settlements.At the type of improvement and adaptation settlement,it should enhance their ability to update and adapt to disturbances,improve the interference warning and response mechanism,use modern methods to interpret historical culture,enhance the self-organization of settlement communities,innovate cultural heritage,and strictly control the management of rural settlement construction land.At the type of learning and transformation settlement,it should focus on improving the quality of the development engine of village reform,and pay attention to the collaborative participation of multiple entities and the construction of community security mechanism.