差异化发展模式下乡村旅游地返贫风险评估及阻断路径研究

Risk of returning to poverty of rural tourism destinations and pathways of block the risk under differentiated development models

防止规模性返贫对巩固脱贫攻坚成果、推进乡村振兴具有重要意义。论文以武陵山区恩施州为研究区,提出脱贫地区4种乡村旅游发展模式:资源驱动型、产业推动型、文旅联动型及企业带动型。依据可持续生计理论和风险—适应脆弱性分析框架,构建乡村旅游地农户返贫风险评价指标体系,采用模糊综合评价法有效识别差异化发展模式下乡村旅游地农户返贫风险,并提出阻断路径。结果表明:①案例地农户物质资本和金融资本返贫风险较高,人力资本和生计适应力返贫风险较低,总体上呈一般水平,即具有一定返贫风险。②不同发展模式的案例村,返贫风险各维度间内部差异明显。资源驱动型和企业带动型返贫风险高于文旅联动型和产业推动型,资源驱动型乡村生计背景和自然资本风险较高,企业带动型乡村物质资本和金融资本风险最高,返贫风险两极分化明显。③提出差异化返贫阻断路径,针对4种模式,分别应注重提升人力资本、增强社会资本、盘活自然资本及均衡物质资本等策略。同时,充分发挥资源、产业和企业优势,扩大返贫风险人群防治范围,尤其关注脱贫人口和边缘人口。研究旨在巩固脱贫攻坚成果,为已脱贫地区进一步实现乡村振兴提供理论指导和实践路径。

Preventing large-scale return to poverty is of great significance for consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and promoting rural revitalization.Taking Enshi Prefecture in the Wuling Mountains region as the research area,four rural tourism development models in poverty alleviation areas were identified:resourcedriven,industry-driven,cultural tourism-led,and enterprise-driven.According to the sustainable livelihood theory and the analytical framework of risk and vulnerability,a risk evaluation indicator system of rural tourism area households was constructed,and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was adopted to effectively identify the risk of rural tourism area households under the differentiated development models,and the pathways of blocking the risk was proposed.The results show that:1)The risk of returning to poverty of the rural households in the case study area is high in the physical capital and financial capital sense,and the risk of returning to poverty is low in the human capital and livelihood adaptability sense,and the overall level is average,that is,there is a certain risk of falling back into poverty.2)In the four case study villages with different development models,there are obvious internal differences between the dimensions of the risk of returning to poverty.The risk of returning to poverty is higher for resource-driven and enterprise-driven rural livelihood types than for cultural tourism-led and industry-driven types,the risk of resource-driven rural livelihood type is high in the livelihood background and natural capital dimension,the risk of enterprise-driven rural livelihood type is the highest in the physical capital and financial capital dimension,and the risks of returning to poverty highly differ.3)We proposed differentiated pathways to stop returning to poverty by focusing on strategies such as improving human capital,enhancing social capital,revitalizing natural capital,and balancing physical capital for the four models.Also,we should give full play to the advantages of resources,industries,and enterprises,expand the scope of prevention and control of groups at risk of returning to poverty,and pay special attention to the people who have been lifted out of poverty and the marginalized population.The study focused on consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and provides theoretical guidance and practical pathways for the further revitalization of poverty-stricken rural areas.