旅游发展下乡村休闲农业景观格局演变及其驱动力研究

Change of rural recreational agriculture landscape pattern and driving factors under the development of tourism:A case study of Wuyuan,Jiangxi

旅游活动是乡村旅游地景观变化的重要干扰因素,研究旅游干扰下的休闲农业景观格局演变规律对乡村旅游高质量发展具有重要意义。休闲农业景观是婺源乡村旅游的核心要素之一,论文从旅游驱动的视角,利用景观转移矩阵及景观指数法研究分析了2000—2020年间婺源县休闲农业景观格局的演变规律,并通过灰色关联模型分析了自然、社会经济及旅游因素等驱动力。研究发现:①婺源县的休闲农业景观与旅游地分布高度契合,休闲农业景观面积呈先增后减特征,但总体上休闲农业景观面积减少。②在景观尺度上,景观破碎度与分离度呈“N”型波动起伏特征,景观优势度与干扰度呈先增后减特征。在类型尺度上,水田景观破碎度、分离度较为稳定,草地和沼泽地破碎度、分离度呈先增后减特征,其余休闲农业景观总体呈增长特征;旱地、有林地及其他林地最大斑块指数(LPI指数)呈先增后减特征,河渠、湖泊、水库坑塘景观LPI指数总体呈上升特征,其余休闲农业景观总体呈下降特征。③旅游综合收入、游客接待量、门票收入、A级景区数量、农家乐数量、旅行社数量等旅游因素是各项景观格局指数演变的主要驱动因素,社会经济因素对景观优势度与干扰度产生重要驱动影响,自然因素驱动力较弱。研究结果可为婺源县的休闲农业与乡村旅游优化布局及高质量发展提供理论参考和现实依据,这将有助于推动婺源县休闲农业与乡村旅游的可持续发展,实现经济、社会和环境效益的协调发展。

Tourism activities are an important disturbance factor for landscape change in rural tourist sites,and it is important to study the pattern of change of recreational agriculture landscape under tourism disturbance for the high-quality development of rural tourism.Recreational agriculture landscape is one of the core elements of rural tourism in Wuyuan County.From the perspective of tourism driven,this study used landscape transfer matrix and landscape index methods to examine the pattern of change of recreational agriculture landscape in Wuyuan County between 2000 and 2020,and analyzed the driving forces such as natural,socioeconomic,and tourism factors through the grey relational model.The study found that:1)The recreational agriculture landscape in Wuyuan County is highly compatible with the distribution of tourism sites,and the recreational agriculture landscape area showed the characteristics of first increasing and then decreasing,but in general has decreased.2)At the landscape scale,landscape fragmentation and separation showed an N-shaped fluctuation,and landscape dominance and disturbance showed an increase followed by a decrease.With regard to the land-use types,the fragmentation and separation of paddy landscapes are relatively stable,while the fragmentation and separation of grassland and marshlands showed an increase and then a decrease and the rest of the recreational agriculture landscapes generally showed an increase.The LPI indices of drylands,wooded lands,and other woodlands showed an increase and then a decrease,while the LPI indices of rivers and canals,lakes,and reservoirs and ponds generally showed an increase,and the rest of the recreational agriculture landscapes generally showed a decrease.3)Tourism factors such as comprehensive tourism income,tourist reception,ticket income,the number of A-class scenic spots,the number of farming caravans,and the number of travel agencies are the main driving factors for the change of each landscape pattern,while socioeconomic factors have an important driving influence on landscape dominance and disturbance,and natural factors are a weaker driving force.The research results provide some theoretical reference and practical basis for the optimal layout and highquality development of recreational agriculture and rural tourism in Wuyuan County,which will help promote the sustainable development of recreational agriculture and rural tourism in Wuyuan County and achieve the coordinated development of economic,social,and environmental benefits.