宁夏放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变与微核率分析

Analysis of chromosome aberration and micronucleus rate in peripheral blood lymphocytes of radiation workers in Ningxia

目的通过分析宁夏放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变和微核率,探讨长期低剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员健康的影响。方法选取2021年宁夏放射工作人员1077名作为接触组,非放射人员204名作为对照组。分析两组人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变和微核率的差异;对接触组进行个人剂量监测,分析电离辐射对放射工作人员健康的影响。结果外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率和淋巴细胞微核率,均为接触组明显高于对照组(χ^(2)=0.07%>0.02%,0.28%>0.19%);淋巴细胞微核率女性高于男性(χ^(2)=8.722、30.056,P<0.05);从事介入放射学工作人员的淋巴细胞微核率最高,为0.31%;外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率、淋巴细胞微核率均随着放射工作人员年有效剂量的增加呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=23.553、87.614,P<0.05);晶体混浊率均伴随着工龄的增长而增加(χ^(2)_(趋势)=4.410,P<0.05)。结论小剂量电离辐射对生物学效应的影响与性别、工种、受照剂量和工龄密切相关,女性、介入放射学工作人员、职业受照剂量越大,工龄越长,外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率和微核细胞率越高;应加强介入放射学工作岗位人员辐射防护;严格控制放射工作人员的接触剂量和接触时间,加强和完善个人防护措施,定期进行职业健康检查,从而减少电离辐射的职业危害,保护放射工作人员的职业健康。

Objective By analyzing the chromosome aberration and micronucleus rate in peripheral blood lymphocytes of radiation workers in Ningxia,the effects of long-term low-dose ionizing radiation on the health of radiation workers were discussed.Methods A total of 1077 radiation workers in Ningxia in 2021 were selected as the exposure group and 204 non radiation workers as the control group.The differences in chromosome aberration and micronucleus rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes between the two groups were analyzed;The individual dose ofworkers was monitored to analyze the impact of ionizing radiation on the health of radiation workers.Results The chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the exposure group were significantly higher than those in the control group(0.07%>0.02%,0.28%>0.19%);The micronucleus rate of lymphocytes in females was higher than that in males(χ^(2)=8.722,30.056,P<0.05);The lymphocyte micronucleus rate of workers engaged in interventional radiology was the highest,0.31%;The chromosome aberration rate and lymphocyte micronucleus rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes increased with the increase of the annual effective dose of radiation workers(χ^(2)=23.553,87.614,P<0.05);The crystal turbidity increased with the increase of working years(χ^(2)=4.410,P<0.05).Conclusion The effects of low-dose ionizing radiation on biological effects are closely related to gender,type of work,exposure dose and length of service.The chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus cell rate of female peripheral blood lymphocytes are higher than those of male,and the chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus cell rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes of interventional radiology workers are higher than those of other occupational categories.The greater the occupational exposure dose,the higher the chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus cell rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes,and the longer the working years,the higher the chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus cell rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes.Radiation protection of personnel working in interventional radiology should be strengthened;Strictly control the exposure dose and exposure time of radiation workers,strengthen and improve personal protection measures,and conduct occupational health examination regularly,so as to reduce the occupational hazards of ionizing radiation and toprotect the occupational health of radiation workers.