电力电缆半导电屏蔽料用导电炭黑性能研究

Study on the properties of conductive carbon blacks of semi-conductive shielding material for power cables

导电炭黑作为半导电屏蔽料的关键组分,其品质直接影响半导电屏蔽料的应用电压等级。由于我国半导电屏蔽料用导电炭黑发展较晚,目前仅有少量企业能够生产满足中压电缆半导电屏蔽料用导电炭黑(以下简称“中压导电炭黑”),然而高压电缆半导电屏蔽料用高品质导电炭黑(以下简称“高压导电炭黑”)仍完全依赖进口。中压导电炭黑与高压导电炭黑结构与性能的差异性不明确已成为限制我国高压导电炭黑自主可控生产的主要因素。基于此,通过选择中压导电炭黑与高压导电炭黑,对其结构与性能进行对比研究。实验结果表明:中压导电炭黑与高压导电炭黑在微观形态没有明显区别,均呈现典型的葡萄串状结构,且粒径尺寸均主要分布在35~70 nm范围。相比于中压导电炭黑,高压导电炭黑石墨化程度更高,导电性能更为优异,并且洁净度更好,仅含有碳、氧两种元素,且氧含量更低。此外,高压导电炭黑具有更好的热稳定性和更低的残炭率。以上研究结果阐明了导电炭黑影响半导电屏蔽料应用电压等级的关键结构与性能,提出了国内导电炭黑的性能提升方向,有望为高压导电炭黑研发提供重要数据支撑和技术支持,进而推动我国高压电缆的完全自主可控发展。

As a key component of semi-conductive shielding materials,the quality of conductive carbon black(CCB)directly determines the application voltage level of semi-conductive shielding materials.Due to the late development of CCB for semi-conductive shielding materials,only a few enterprises can produce CCB for semi-conductive shielding materials of medium voltage cables(medium voltage CCB),while high quality conductive carbon black for high voltage cable semi-conductive shielding material(high voltage CCB)is completely dependent on imports.The ambiguous difference between medium and high voltage CCB has become the main factor restricting the domestic production of high voltage CCB.Based on this,the structure and properties of medium voltage CCB and high voltage CCB are compared.The results show that there is no apparent difference in the micro-morphology between the medium voltage CCB and high voltage CCB.All of them exhibit a typical grape cluster structure,and the particle size is predominantly distributed in the range of 35^70 nm.Compared with medium voltage CCB,the high voltage CCB has higher graphitization degree and better conductive performance.In addition,high voltage CCB were found to be more pure,containing only carbon and oxygen elements.Besides,the thermal stability of high voltage CCB is better than that of medium voltage CCB.The above research results illustrate the key structure and properties of CCB affecting the application voltage level of semi-conductive shielding materials,and put forward the performance improvement direction of CCB in China,which are expected to provide important data and technical support for the localization of high quality CCB,and promote the fully independent localization of high-voltage cables in China.