单细胞转录组测序技术的研究与应用

Research and Application of Single Cell Transcriptome Sequencing Technology

传统的转录组测序技术对于群体细胞,最终反映的是基因在群体细胞中的平均表达水平,掩盖了不同细胞之间的表达特异性,而单细胞转录组测序技术是通过对植物或动物组织的单个细胞进行转录组测序分析,了解每个细胞的代谢产物、表达基因,进而对相应的组织进行统计学分析,达到细胞分类、生长衍化、生理病理分析研究的目的。随着近几年多种针对单细胞RNA测序数据的分析工具被陆续开发出来,单细胞转录组测序技术在生物科学研究中的应用也日益广泛。本研究对当前较为普及的单细胞测序技术的方法、流程、数据分析及应用进行总结整理,介绍了近几年的单细胞测序技术在动、植物组织中的研究及应用,以期为更好的利用单细胞测序技术提供参考依据。

Traditional transcriptome sequencing technology aims at population cells,and ultimately reflects the average expression level of genes in population cells,which conceals the expression specificity between different cells.Single cell transcriptome sequencing technology is to analyze the transcriptome of a single cell in plant or animal tissue to understand the metabolites and expressed genes of each cell.Then the corresponding tissues were statistically analyzed to achieve the purpose of cell classification,growth and evolution,physiological and pathological analysis.In recent years,a variety of analysis tools for single-cell RNA sequencing data have been developed,and single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology has been widely used in biological science research.This paper summarizes the methods,process,data analysis and application of single-cell sequencing technology,and introduces the research and application of single-cell sequencing technology in animal and plant tissues in recent years,so as to provide a reference for better use of single-cell sequencing technology.