植物甾醇豆甾醇联合有氧运动对肥胖大鼠肠道菌群和肝脏脂代谢的影响

Impact of Plant Sterol Combined with Aerobic Exercise on Gut Microbiota and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Obese Rats

植物甾醇是一种在结构和功能上与胆固醇相似的天然化合物,具有降低胆固醇的作用。豆甾醇(stigmasterol,STI)是一种最常见的植物甾醇,可调节脂质代谢。本研究旨在探讨植物甾醇豆甾醇联合有氧运动对肥胖大鼠肠道菌群和肝脏脂代谢的影响。采用高脂饮食喂养肥胖大鼠,并将其分为六组:O组(肥胖对照组)、AE组(有氧运动组)、STI组(豆甾醇干预组)、AE+H-STI组(有氧运动联合豆甾醇干预组)和NC组(正常对照组)。实验结果显示,与NC组相比,O组大鼠的肠道菌群出现紊乱,肝脏脂代谢异常。然而,豆甾醇联合有氧运动干预可以显著改善大鼠的肠道菌群构成,降低了厚壁菌门的相对丰度,升高了拟杆菌门相对丰度。同时,联合干预还可以降低血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及游离脂肪酸水平,提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,改善肝脏脂代谢紊乱。因此,植物甾醇豆甾醇联合有氧运动可能是一种有效的干预手段,可通过调节肠道菌群和改善肝脏脂代谢,对肥胖的预防和管理具有潜在的益处。

Plant sterols are natural compounds structurally and functionally similar to cholesterol,known for their cholesterol-lowering effects.Stigmasterol(STI)is one of the most common plant sterols and has been shown to regulate lipid metabolism.This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined supplementation of plant sterol stigmasterol and aerobic exercise on gut microbiota and hepatic lipid metabolism in obese rats.Obese rats were induced by high-fat diet and divided into six groups:the Obese control group(O),Aerobic exercise group(AE),STI intervention group(STI),AE combined with high-dose STI intervention group(AE+H-STI),and Normal control group(NC).The results showed that compared to the NC group,the gut microbiota of the O group exhibited dysbiosis,and hepatic lipid metabolism was impaired.However,combined intervention with stigmasterol and aerobic exercise significantly improved the gut microbiota composition of obese rats by reducing the relative abundance of Firmicutes and increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes.Moreover,the combined intervention also reduced serum levels of total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and free fatty acids,while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels,and improved hepatic lipid metabolism.Therefore,the combination of plant sterol stigmasterol and aerobic exercise may serve as an effective intervention strategy for the prevention and management of obesity,exerting potential benefits through modulation of gut microbiota and improvement of hepatic lipid metabolism.