清代哈密豌豆供求与农业生态系统调适

Pea Supply and Demand Strategy and Agroecosystem Adaptation in Hami in Qing Dynasty

清廷通过有计划地引种内地作物,对新疆农业生态系统进行改造,使之更加符合其治理需要。但农业生态系统具有自然与社会双重属性,以哈密的豌豆供求为例,当地存在持续需求,然而受豌豆的自然生物特性,以及哈密缺乏民赋和周边地区豌豆供给增加等社会因素的共同影响,清廷经过反复调适,在哈密地区大致维持了千余亩豌豆种植面积,仍需以就近采买为补充。这一过程表明了清朝治理新疆的制度和决策选择,受到自然环境与社会因素的共同影响。

The Qing Dynasty transformed Xinjiang's agroecosystem to better meet its governance requirements by systematically introducing crops from the hinterland.However,agroecosystems have both social and natural properties.Taking the supply and demand of peas in Hami area as an example,there was a continuous local demand,but due to the natural biological characteristics of peas,as well as social factors such as the lack of taxes in Hami areas and the increase in the supply of peas in surrounding areas.The Qing government finally maintained a planting area of about 1000 mu in Hami area after repeated adjustment,which still needs to be supplemented by nearby purchase.It shows that the system and decision-making choices of the Qing Dynasty to govern Xinjiang were jointly influenced by social factors and the natural environment.