鄂渝陕交界地区方言古精知庄章组声母的今读类型与历史演变

The categorization and diachronic change of jing(精),zhi(知),zhuang(庄)and zhang(章)initials in dialects spoken at the junction of Hubei,Chongqing and Shaanxi

鄂渝陕交界地区方言古精知庄章组声母的今读根据音类分合情况,可分为二分型和合一型两类。二分型包括济南型、昌徐型、南京型、英山型、黄陂型、混合型;合一型分为成都型和锦州型。从历史来源看,济南型、昌徐型古知庄章的分合类型当继承自《中原音韵》,南京型、英山型则是《蒙古字韵》类韵书所反映的古知庄章组读音类型的后续发展。结合地理分布发现,该地区的其他类型大都可以追溯到这两类韵书。根据前人对近代韵书的研究,本文认为止摄开口知庄章组的分合模式可以区分表面相似而实质有别的昌徐型和英山型方言。

At the junction of Hubei,Chongqing and Shaanxi provinces,initials of the jing(精),zhi(知),zhuang(庄)and zhang(章)groups are either divided into two groups or combined altogether into one group.The former includes the Ji'nan type,Changli-Xuzhou type,Nanjing type,Yingshan type,Huangpi type and a mixed type whereas the later contains the Chengdu type and Jinzhou type.The historical origin of Middle Chinese zhi,zhuang and zhang groups in the Jinan and Changli-Xuzhou types can be found in Zhongyuan yinyun(中原音韵)while the zhi,zhuang and zhang initials of Nanjing and Yingshan types developed from the system reflected in Menggu ziyun(蒙古字韵).Based on the study of related rhyme books,this paper points out that the categorization of Middle Chinese zhi,zhuang and zhang groups with zhi(止)rhyme(except for those starting in i-,u-and u-)can help to distinguish the Changli-Xuzhou type and the Yingshan type.