论一种开放的儒学形态——贺麟先生对儒家思想的新展开

On an Open Confucian System:He Lin's New Development of Confucianism

在中西哲学深入会通之中,贺麟先生融贯地创立了一种开放的儒学形态。如何在前人的基础上开创出今日汉语哲学的新局面,是每一个汉语世界的哲学家应思考的问题。对此,贺麟先生新心学体系有着非常多值得借鉴的地方。我们可以将“开放”作为一种新视角来界定贺麟先生的学说。其学说以“学”开篇,用“学”的开放性勾连起中西双方的“学术”传统。他在坚守文化自主性的前提下,努力向西方哲学学习,由此构建一种现代的儒学形态。在方法论上,他提出“披沙拣金”之法,通过不断“披沙”,提炼出儒家思想传统的本质,在这点上借鉴了西方形而上学与逻辑学的方法。在新心学体系上,他立足心学体系,融会西方唯心论传统,从心-理、知-行、体-用等处着手,砥炼出“新心学”的基本模样。贺麟先生的此番努力,不仅扎根传统,而且与时代同步。在中西文化论上,他提出一种开放性的文化观,以精神为体,以古今中外的文化为用。在这个意义上,复兴中国文化传统并不是坚守“中国文化本位论”。文化乃是人类的公产,文化的复兴不能只着眼于造福中国人,更是要贡献于人类的命运。

He Lin is not only a great translator in modern China,but also unique in his philosophical innovations.Based on his deep understanding of Chinese thought and Western philosophy,He Lin developed a coherent and open form of Confucianism.The ability to advance news prospect in contemporary Chinese philosophy on the basis of enlightened predecessors is the challenge of every philosopher in the Chinese-speaking world.He Lin's new system of xin xinxue(新心学,New Confucian Idealism)has a lot to teach.This article uses"openness"as a new perspective to define his theory,which begins with the openness of"learning"and connects the academic traditions of both China and the West.On the premise of adhering to cultural autonomy,he strove to learn from Western philosophy,especially from metphysics and logic,to build a modern Confucianism.In terms of methodology,he put forward the method of"picking gold out of the sand"to extract the essence of traditional Confucian thought by constantly"picking up the sand".His new system of xinxue emerges from the traditional system of xinxue,but it also integrates the tradition of Western idealism.His philosophy is grounded in traditional Chinese binaries of emotional-rational,knowledge-action,and essence-function to forge the basic structure of the new system of xinxue.His efforts are not only rooted in tradition,but they also keep pace with the times.He also put forward"open"views in his theories of Chinese and Western cultures,that saw their essences grounded in spirit,and the ancient and modern Chinese and foreign cultures as the resulting phenomenon.In this sense,reviving Chinese cultural traditions does not mean adhering to the"Chinese-culture-centered theory",since culture is the common property of humankind as a whole.The revival of culture should not only focus on benefiting the Chinese,but also contribute to the destiny of mankind.At a time when humankind is facing one crisis after another,He Lin's theory is particularly inspiring.This is the real responsibility of a philosopher,and future generations of scholars would do well to ponder it.This article is also written to commemorate the 120th anniversary of the birth of He Lin.