明代科举策问中的《大明一统志》

Great Ming Universal Records in Ming Dynasty Imperial Examination Policy Questions

《大明一统志》是明英宗朝所编修的全国地理总志,作为御制书籍,是明代科举策问的重要题材,它的编纂、内容等在成化至嘉靖年间屡次出现在策题内,经常与地方的地理沿革和风俗人情相结合,成为科举考试的考察内容。相关策问及策文深受朝廷主流思想影响,多给予《大明一统志》很高的评价。正德、嘉靖时期,出现较为客观的评价,认为其在体例、内容上尚有可改进之处。《大明一统志》入策,有助于进一步推广该书,起到宣扬明英宗大兴文治的作用,更是夸耀明代大一统的途径之一。

Great Ming Universal Records was a set of nationwide geographical general records compiled during the Reign of Ying Zong of Ming Dynasty.As a book compiled with the imperial order,it served as important source materials for Ming Dynasty Imperial Examination policy questions.Its compilation and contents repeatedly appeared in such policy questions during the Reign of Chenghua to Jiajing,often in combination with local geographical transformation and folk customs as the contents of Imperial Examinations.The policy questions and written answers were deeply influenced by mainstream thinkings of the Imperial Court,thus mostly holding Great Ming Universal Records in high esteem.Yet during the Reign of Zhengde and Jiajing,more objective opinions appeared,taking the view that there were room for improvement in style and contents of Great Ming Universal Records.The inclusion of Great Ming Universal Records in policy questions was conducive to further promotion of the book,played the role of publicizing the achievements of civil governance by Ying Zong of Ming Dynasty,and was one of the ways of showing off the great unification of Ming Dynasty.