独龙语迪政当话动词人称——数范畴结构系统的特点

Characteristics of the Structural Systems of Person and Number Categories of Verbs in the Dizhengdang Dialect of Dulong

本文讨论独龙语迪政当话动词人称—数范畴结构系统的特点。通过共时的微观描写及与其他语言的比较,认为其特点主要有:动词的人称、数都是三分系统,语法手段的构成规则复杂,控制项的类型多样,语法手段存在“代词化”现象,控制项的选择受人称代词生命度等级的制约,结构系统总体上在趋于简化,语法手段存在渐变的过程。其中,一般式与强调式之别对语法手段构成和控制项类型的制约在其他语言中较罕见。

This article analyzes the characteristics of the structural systems of the person and number categories of verbs in the Dizhengdang dialect of the Dulong language.Through synchronic microdescription and comparison with other languages,it is argued that the characteristics of Dulong include the following:the person and number categories of verbs are both tripartite systems,the composition rules of grammatical means are complex,the controllers are diverse in types,there exists pronominalization in grammatical means,the choice of controllers is subject to restrictions of the animacy hierarchy of personal pronouns,the structural systems generally tend toward simplification,and the grammatical means are in a process of gradual change.Among these characteristics,the constraints of the distinction between the general form and the emphatic form on the composition of grammatical means and the types of controllers are rarely seen in other languages.