社会情境与历史书写:明代吏部尚书尹旻形象的演变

Social Background and Historica1l Writing::The Change of Yin Min's Image

明成化时期吏部尚书尹旻,执掌吏部14年,虽然对铨政多有贡献,但由于结交宦官汪直,导致其文本形象大相径庭。弘治、正德时期,刘吉、尹直与焦芳、李东阳等因个人恩怨将其形象差异化定位;嘉靖至崇祯时期,诸士人在改革积弊时代背景下,由于自身性格、仕途经历等影响,基于此前差异化记载产生更加多样化描述;在清初明亡反思下,则最终总结为能臣与奸佞两极化的形象。尹旻文本形象因受到不同社会情境影响导致的多变与复杂,最终促使其在张廷玉殿本《明史》中被抹除。

During the Ming Chenghua period,Yin Min,the minister of the Personnel Department,had been in his post for more than ten years and contributed greatly.However,because of his close relationship with the Eunuch Wang Zhi,his reputation in historical documents is not good enough.During the Hongzhi and Zhengde period,due to personal grudges,Liu Ji,Yin Zhi,Jiao Fang and Li Dongyang reconstructed Yin's images respectively.Later,in the Jiajing and Chongzhen reigns,with the background of reforming age-old mal-practices,scholars had more diversified descriptions about Yin because of their different personalities,official career experiences,and their reading of different previous records.In the early Qing Dynasty,Yin's image was polarized between capable minister and crafty sycophant.The complicated images of Yin Min which were formed in various social backgrounds were eventually erased in the History of Ming Dynasty by Zhang Tingyu.