恩格斯“哲学基本问题”的历史性阐释——兼谈马克思主义历史哲学的科学路向

The Historical Interpretation of Engels'"Basic Philosophical Problems":On the Scientific Direction of Marxist Historical Philosophy

从方法论角度再释恩格斯在《路德维希·费尔巴哈和德国古典哲学的终结》一文中对“哲学基本问题”的求解,可以发现其中蕴含从“一般历史哲学”规定的思辨路向到“实验和工业”的实践路向的转换。作为工业社会彰显人的本质的创造性活动,“实验和工业”对“哲学基本问题”涵盖的本体论、认识论和方法论做了历史性回答,有效克服了近代哲学史中的思维与存在二分困境。这源自对“哲学基本问题”生成时空域界的内在把握,对存在社会基础的现实切中,对推动无产阶级运动的未来省思,其以人与世界主客体关系为核心重塑“新世界观”的实践导向,使“一般历史哲学”变革为历史唯物主义指导的新历史哲学。恩格斯对“哲学基本问题”经验性、具体性、现实性诠读开显了历史总体性,有助于在认识世界与改造世界的过程中处理科学与人文的辩证关系,重构“新世界观”科学叙事。

As a creative activity that showcases the essence of human beings in the industrial society,"experimentation and industry"has provided historical answers to the ontology,epistemology,and methodology covered by"basic philosophical questions",effectively overcoming the dilemma of thinking and existence in modern philosophical history.This stems from the internal grasp of the temporal and spatial boundaries of the generation of"fundamental philosophical issues",the reality of the existence of social foundations,the future contemplation of promoting the proletarian movement,and the practical orientation of reshaping the"new worldview"with the relationship between human beings and the world as the core,transforming the"general historical philosophy"into a new historical philosophy guided by historical materialism.