含糖饮料的健康危害及控制策略研究进展

Review of health hazards and control strategies of sugar-sweetened beverages

近几十年来,全球含糖饮料(SSBs)生产和消费呈增长趋势。我国居民SSBs摄入量不断增加,儿童青少年群体更为普遍。随着研究的不断深入,除世界卫生组织(WHO)报道增加龋齿和超重肥胖风险外,研究发现SSBs摄入还可增加糖尿病、心血管疾病、痛风、癌症等慢性病发生和早死的风险,加重疾病负担。基于SSBs过多摄入的健康危害,世界许多国家采取相关措施控制其摄入。目前主要采取的措施为SSBs征税、限制SSBs市场宣传和营销、SSBs包装上使用正面标签标识以及减少学校内的SSBs供应等。我国目前主要的措施为学校环境内饮料售卖管控,有地区率先应用酒精饮料和碳酸饮料健康提示标识,将控制SSBs摄入措施扩展到了校园之外。

The global production and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages(SSBs)has been on the rise in recent decades.The intake of SSBs has been increasing in China,and it is more prevalent among children and adolescents.As research continues to intensify,more and more studies have shown that,in addition to the increased risks of dental caries and obesity reported by the World Health Organization(WHO),SSBs intake can also increase risks of chronic diseases such as diabetes,cardiovascular disease,gout,and cancer,and early death,adding to the burden of disease.Due to the health risks associated with the overconsumption of SSBs,many countries around the world have taken measures to control the intake.The main measures currently in place are taxation of SSBs,restrictions on marketing and sales of SSBs,front-of-package labeling and reducing availability of SSBs in schools.In China,the main measures currently in place are to control the sales of beverages in schools,with Shenzhen taking the lead in implementing health warning labeling to alcoholic beverages and carbonated beverages,extending the measures to reduce SSBs intake beyond school grounds.