“强师计划”下师范生教学技能提升的“4H”镜像模式研究

Research on“4H”Mirror Model of Teaching Skills Improvement of Normal University Students Under“Strong Teacher Plan”

提高师范生教学技能是新时代发出的“强师计划”吁求的应有之义。以认知学徒制为理论基础,“4H”镜像模式引领师范生在“异课异构→同课同构→异课同构→同课异构”等四种情境中自主学习:集中连续的领域实践有助于克服主客之间的鸿沟,将教学技能由“异己的东西”转化为“本质的力量”;分段拟合的反思性实践促进“经验的改造改组”和技能图式的同化与顺应;课—构、同—异的变化情境提供具身化策略知识,使技能灵活上手;镜像前引的自主活动则持续产生“最近发展区”,推动技能目标阈值不断上移。实践证明,该模式能有效促进师范生教学技能水平从新手到熟手、胜任、精干阶梯递进。

To improve the teaching skills of normal university students is the meaning of the“strong teacher plan”appeal issued in the new era.Based on the theory of cognitive apprenticeship,“4H”mirror model leads normal school students to study independently in four ideal situations:“Heterogeneous in different classes-Homogeneous in the same class-Homogeneous in different classes-Heterogeneous in the same class”.The concentrated field practice fills up the gap between the subject and the object,transforming the teaching skills from“alien”into“essence”;The reflective practice of piecewise fitting contributes to“the transformation and reorganization of experience”and the assimilation and adaptation of skill schema;The changing situation of class-structure,similarity-difference provides embodied knowledge of strategy,which is helpful for skill acquisition and flexibility;Self-directed activities led by mirror constantly form the“zone of proximal development”,which pushes the threshold of skill target constantly upward.Practice has proved that this model can effectively promote the teaching skill level of normal students from novice to advanced beginner,competent,proficient step by step.