名辩学与因明学中的逻辑比较——以公孙龙《坚白论》《白马论》和因明学中的相关命题为中心

A Logical Comparison Between Dialectics and Hetuvidya by Focusing on Related Propositions in Gongsun Long's On Firmness and White,On White Horse and Hetuvidya

通过比较公孙龙《坚白论》《白马论》与心类学、摄类学的内容,指出了两者的相同点和不同点。首先,《坚白论》和心类学两者都强调感官职能的独立性,承认个性和共性的差异,心类学因学科本身注重对认识产生的条件、过程、结果等内容的探讨,其内容比《坚白论》更具理论性。其次,比较《白马论》与摄类学的内容,指出公孙龙的“白马非马”命题主要反对“白马”和“马”两个词项外延关系的同一性和内涵的一致性。摄类学中“白马是白马,但白马非白”的复合命题在《白马论》中同样承许,但在摄类学的特定语境中承认“马非白马”而不直接承认“白马非马”的命题。最后,公孙龙的《坚白论》和《白马论》体现了“正名实而化天下”的意图,因明学侧重“正确认识”获得的途径和方法,但两者能够各取所长、互相借鉴,共同为丰富和发展中华文化的逻辑内容提供思想元素。

By comparing the contents of Gongsunlong’s On Firmness and White and On White Horse with the dlo rigs and bsdus drwa theory,the similarities and differences between the two theory are point-ed out.First of all,On Firmness and White and the dlo rigs both emphasized the independence of sensory functions,to admit the differences in individuality and generality.Though the discipline of dlo rigs itself pays attention to the discussion of the condition,process,and result of cognition,its content is more the-oretical than On Firmness and White.Secondly,comparing the content of On White Horse and bsdus drwa,it is pointed out that Gongsunlong proposed“white horse is not horse”mainly against the identity of the denotative unity and the consistency of intension realtionship between the two terms“white horse”and“horse”.The compound proposition of“white horse is white horse,but white horse is not white”is also admitted in the On White Horse,but in the specific context of bsdus drwa,the proposition of“horse is not white horse”is admitted instead of directly admitting it.Thirdly,Gongsunlong’s On Firmness and White and On White Horse reflect the intention of“justifying the name and transforming the world”,while Hetuvidya focuses on the ways and methods of“correct understanding”.However,the two can draw on their own strengths and learn from each other,and jointly provide ideological elements for the en-richment and development of the logical content of Chinese culture.