乡村旅游对民族地区乡村振兴的多重效应分析——来自肇兴侗寨的调查与思考

An Analysis of Multiple Effects of Rural Tourism on Rural Revitalization in Ethnic Areas——Based on the Investigation and Reflection from Dong Village,Zhaoxing Town

基于肇兴侗寨的调查研究发现,发展旅游对乡村振兴的效应是多重的,具体表现为乡村旅游在促进产业发展和三产融合的同时也导致了传统农业的衰退;基础设施得到改善,但人居环境遭受污染;传统文化得以传承和发展、村民文化自觉性与现代性有所提升,但民族特色却有所衰减;旅游激发了多元主体参与社会治理的能动性,各主体的冲突也相应增加;村民收入提高,摆脱了绝对贫困,却面临着相对贫困问题。反思肇兴的个案可为民族地区发展乡村旅游提供重要启示:一是混合经济模式是民族村寨旅游的有效启动机制;二是传统与现代的平衡是乡村旅游可持续发展的关键;三是基于民族村寨发展全域乡村旅游是民族地区乡村振兴的新思路。

Based on the investigation and research of Dong Village,Zhaoxing Town,it is found that the development of tourism has multiple effects on rural revitalization.The specific manifestation is that rural tourism not only promotes industrial development and integration of the three industries,but also leads to the decline of traditional agriculture.Infrastructure has been improved,but the living environment has been polluted.Traditional culture has been inherited and developed,and villagers’cultural awareness and modernity have improved,but their national characteristics have declined.Tourism has stimulated the initiative of multiple subjects to participate in social governance,and the conflicts of various subjects have also increased accordingly.The villagers have raised their incomes and got rid of absolute poverty,but relative poverty has emerged.Reflecting on the case provides important inspiration for the develop-ment of rural tourism in ethnic areas:first,the mixed economic model is an effective starting mechanism for ethnic village tourism;second,the balance between tradition and modernity is the key to the sustain-able development of rural tourism;third,the development of holistic rural tourism based on ethnic villa-ges is a new idea for rural revitalization in ethnic areas.